New York FREDERICK A. PRAEGER, INC.

Publication Year: 1953

CONTENTS

Introduction   i

            I. STALIN'S KEYNOTE: 'ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF SOCIALISM IN THE U.S.S.R.'

To Participants in the Economics Discussion: Remarks on Economic Questions Connected With the November Discussion of 1951    

1. The Nature of Economic Laws Under Socialism      1

2. Commodity Production Under Socialism       2

3. The Law of Value Under Socialism     4

4. Eliminating the Antithesis Between Town and Countryside and Between Mental and Manual Labor and Eliminating the Differences Between Them             5

5. Disintegration of a Single World Market and Deepening of the Crisis in World Capitalist System     6

6. The Inevitability of Wars Among Capitalist Countries          7

7. The Basic Economic Laws of Present-Day Capitalism and Socialism     8

8. Other Questions 9

9. The International Significance of a Marxist Textbook of Political Economy         10

10. Ways of Improving the Draft Textbook of Political Economy        10

Reply to Comrade Alexander Ilyich Notkin        10

Concerning Comrade L. D. Yaroshenko's Mistakes     12

Reply to Comrades A. V. Sanina and V. G. Venzher   

The Nature of the Economic Laws of Socialism            17

Measures for Elevating Collective Farm Property to the Level of Public Property 18

            II. THE CONGRESS DOCUMENTS

The Announcement of the Congress       20

Directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan    

I. In Industry 21

II. In Agriculture        23

III. In Commodity Turnover, Transport and Communications 25

IV. In Further Improvement of the Material Well-Being, Health and Cultural Level of the People    26

The New Party Statutes     

I. The Party. Party Members, Their Duties and Rights 28

II. Candidates for Party Membership       29

III. Structure of the Party. Inner Party Democracy          29

IV. The Supreme Bodies of the Party       30

V. The Province, Territory and Republic Organizations of the Party             30

VI. Regional Organizations of the Party 31

VII. City and District Organizations of the Party             31

VIII. Primary Organizations of the Party   32

IX. The Party and the Young Communist League         32

X. Party Organizations in the Soviet Army, Navy and Transportation           32

XI. Party Groups in Non-Party Organizations     33

XII. Party Finances 33

Announcement of Discussion of Congress Documents          33

Khrushchev's Theses        

1. On the Party's New Name and the Definition in the Statutes of the Chief Tasks of the Party        33

2. Who Can Be a Party Member   33

3. On the Duties of Party Members          33

4. On the Rights of Party Members          34

5. On Candidates for Party Membership             34

6. On the Periods for Convocation of Party Congresses and Plenary Sessions of the Party Central Committee    34

7. On All-Union Party Conferences          34

8. On Reconstitution of the Politburo as the Presidium of the Party Central Committee             34

9. On Reorganization of the Party Control Commission Into the Party Control Committee Under the Party Central Committee            35

10. On the Apparatus of the Party Central Committee and Local Party Bodies      35

11. On More Precise Stipulation of the Tasks of Local Party Organizations            35

12. Periods for Calling Plenary Sessions           35

13. Membership Dues of Party Members and Candidates     35

            III. DISCUSSION PRECEDING THE CONGRESS

Meetings       36

The Discussion

Five-Year Plan

Fuller Use of Equipment in Ferrous Metallurgy             38

Expanding Amelioration Work      38

Some Electrification Problems      39

For Complex Development of the Economy      39

Problems of Collective Farm Life That Require Solution         40

Concerning Polytechnical Training         40

Production of Building Materials 40

Inland Shipping in the New Five-Year Plan       41

Overcoming the Lag in Printing and Publishing            41

Construction and Planning of Cities        41

Proposals and Remarks--From Letters to Pravda         42

Problems in Development of Machine Building            42

More Proposals and Remarks From Letters to Pravda            42

Schedules for Building Irrigation Systems in the Volga Area, by A. Popov 43

Problems of Railroad Equipment             43

More Proposals and Remarks From Letters to Pravda            44

Skilled Workers for Soviet Industry          45

More Proposals and Remarks From Letters to Pravda            45

Why One Cannot Agree With A. Popov   45

Party Statutes Concerning Article 2         46

Necessary Additions and Clarifications, by A. Popov 46

Raise Title of Party Member Still Higher, by D. Lebedev         46

Strengthen Demand for Development of Self-Criticism and Criticism From Below             47

Improve System of Party Education         47

Refinements and Supplements to Certain Points, by A. Pshenichkin           47

Mention Careful Treatment of Personnel            47

A Roundup of Letters to Pravda   48

On Party Organizations in Institutions     48

For Effective Criticism         48

On Certain Duties of a Party Member      48

For Regularity in Calling Party Meetings            49

Against Proposal by D. Lebedev and A. Pshenichkin--New Name of Our Party Alone Is Correct       49

Concerning Article 1           49

Remarks on Frequency of Convening Plenary Sessions and Conferences           49

On Functions of Primary Party Organizations    49

Another Roundup of Letters          50

My Refutations of A. Popov           50

Introduce Statement on Party Press        50

Another Roundup of Letters          50

Duties of Party Organizations at Higher Educational Institutions       51

An Unacceptable Amendment      51

For Strict Observance of Party Discipline           51

Another Roundup of Letters          52

On Sponsors of Party Candidates            52

            IV. CONGRESSES IN THE REPUBLICS

I. The Ukraine

Melnikov's Report

Completion of Reconstruction and Further Development of Industry           53

Completion of Reconstruction and Further Development of Socialist Agriculture 54

Growth of Material Well-Being of the Working People             56

Party Organizational and Political Work             56

Steadily Raise Level of Ideological Work           57

The Discussion at the Congress 58

            II. Georgia

            Mgeladze's Report

Two Worlds, Two Results 60

The Georgian Communist Party in the Struggle to Correct Mistakes Made by Former Heads of Its Central Committee    60

Industry, Transport and Communications           62

Agriculture    63

Problems of Increasing the Material Welfare of the Working People and Problems of Cultural Work           64

Problems of Party Work      68

Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin, Toward the Shining Heights of Communism             69

The Discussion at the Congress                70

The Congress Letter to Beria        72

            Kazakhstan

            Shayakhmetov's Report

Industry, Transport and Communications           73

Communal Economy, Trade, Finance and Public Health       74

State of Agriculture 74

Organizational Party Work             76

Ideological Work      77

The Discussions at the Congress 77

            Azerbaidzhan

Bagirov's Report      78

The Discussion at the Congress 81

            Other Republics

Estonia          82

Moldavia       83

Latvia             83

Turkmenia     84

Armenia         85

Kirgizia          85

Tadzhikistan             86

Belorussia     86

Karelo-Finnish Republic    86

Uzbekistan    87

Lithuania       87

            Moscow Province Conference

The Composition of the Conference        88

Khrushchev's Report          88

Province Officials Chosen             90

The Moscow City Conference       90

            V. REPORT OF THE CREDENTIALS COMMISSION

Report by N. M. Pegov       93

            VI. THE CONGRESS OPENS

Pravda's Picture of the Presidium            96

First Session--Oct. 5, 1952            96

Molotov's Introductory Speech      96

Presidium of the Congress            98

Secretariat of the Congress           98

Editorial Commission of the Congress    98

Credentials Commission of the Congress          98

Agenda of the Congress    98

            VII THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE REPORT BY MALENKOV

            International Situation of the Soviet Union

Further Weakening of the World Capitalist System and the Economic Situation in the Countries of Capitalism      99

Aggravation of the International Situation; Threat of New War Emanating From American-British Aggressive Bloc; The People's Struggle for Peace           102

The Soviet Union in the Struggle for the Preservation and Strengthening of peace             104

            International Situation in the Soviet Union

            The Continued Advance of the National Economy

Industry          106

Agriculture    109

Trade, Transport, Communications         112

Economizing--A Most Important Factor in Further Advance of the Economy           112

Further Rise in the Living Standards, Health and Cultural Level of the People      114

Further Strengthening of the Soviet Social and State System            115

The Party       116

            VIII. THE CENTRAL INSPECTION COMMISSION REPORT

Report by P. G. Moskatov 124

            IX. SABUROV ON THE PLAN DIRECTIVES

Tasks of the Fifth Five-Year Plan in Industry      127

Tasks of the Fifth Five-Year Plan in Agriculture             129

Tasks of the Fifth Five-Year Plan in Commodity Turnover, Transport and Communications     129

Tasks of the Fifth Five-Year Plan in Further Improvement of the Material Well-Being, Health and Cultural Level of the People             130

            X. KHRUSHCHEV'S REPORT ON THE STATUTES

On the Party's New Name and the Definition in the Statutes of the Chief Tasks of the Party   133

Who Can Be a Party Member       134

On the Duties of Party Members   134

On the Rights of Party Members   136

On Candidates for Party Membership     137

On the Supreme Bodies of the Party       137

On More Precise Stipulation in the Statutes of the Tasks of Local Party Organizations             137

On Periods for Calling Plenary Sessions of Committees of Local Party Organizations             138

XI. DISCUSSION OF MALENKOV'S AND MOSKATOV'S REPORTS

Speaker and Topic:

V. V. Grishin, Moscow         139

N .S. Patolichev, Belorussian Republic 140

L. G. Melnikov, Ukraine Republic             141

M. D. Bagirov, Azerbaidzhan Republic   142

L. P. Lykova, Ivanovo Province     144

A. J. Snieckus, Lithuania Republic          145

N. A. Mikhailov, Young Communist League      147

A. M. Puzanov, Kuibyshev Province        148

J. E. Kalnberzins, Latvian Republic         149

I. T. Grishin, Stalingrad Province        150

A. P. Yefimov, Khabarovsk         152

A. I. Mgeladze, Georgian Republic    153

A. A. Fadeyev, Union of Soviet Writers       154

V. M. Andrianov, Leningrad       155

Zh. Shayakhmetov. Kazakh Republic         156

L. I. Brezhnev, Moldavian Republic   158

Z. I. Muratov, Tatar Autonomous Republic          159

I. G. Kebin, Estonian Republic   160

L. P. Beria          161

V. Ye. Chernyshev, Kaliningrad [Kšnigsberg] Province      166

N. V. Kiselev, Rostov Province 167

A. I. Niazov, Uzbek Republic     168

B. Gafurov, Tadzhik Republic    169

G. A. Arutinov, Armenian Republic    170

N. I. Belyayev, Altai Territory      171

A. N. Yegorov, Karelo-Finnish Republic     171

A. M. Vasilevsky, Army       172

F. M. Prass, Motolov Province   173

N. G. Ignatov, krasnodar Territory      174

A. Ye. Korneichuk, Ukraine Republic          175

I .R. Razzakov, Kirgiz Republic          177

         XII DISCUSSION OF SABUROV'S REPORT

         Speakers and Topics:

A. B. Aristov, Chelyabinsk Province   178

N. K. Baibakov, Oil Industry        179

S. Babayev, Turkmenian Republic    181

I. A. Benediktov, Agriculture       182

N. A. Bulganin, Army          184

V. V. Kutznetsov, Trade Unions          188

D. S. Korotchenko, Ukraine Republic         189

P. K. Ponomarenko, Agriculture         190

M. A. Yasnov, Moscow City        192

A. I. Mikoyan, Trade 193

A. F. Zasyadko, Coal Mining      197

D. G. Smirnov, Gorky Province 198

B. P. Beshchev, Railroads          199

A. M. Kutyrev, Sverdlovsk Province   200

V. A. Malyshev, Heavy Machinery      201

U. Yu. Yusupov, Cotton Growing        203

M. A. Suslov, Education and Culture           203

A. N. Kosygin, Textiles       205

D. G. Zhimerin, Power Plants     207

I. F. Tevosyan, Ferrous Metallurgy     208

         XIII. DISCUSSION OF KHRUSHCHEV'S REPORT

         Speakers and Topics:

M. F. Shkiryatov, Party Control Commission       210

Ye. A. Furtseva, Moscow   212

M. V. Zimyanin, Belorussian Republic        213

A. N. Poskrebyshev, Law 214

L. M. Kaganovich, Party Program       216

S. Z. Borisov, Yakut Autonomous Republic         217

F. R. Kozlov, Leningrad Province       218

V. K. Klimenko, Voroshilovgrad Province   218

M. T. Yakubov, Azerbaidzhan Republic     219

A. Alimov, Uzbek Republic         219

I. I. Afonov, Kazakh Republic     220

A. I. Kirichenko, Ukraine Republic     221

K. P. Zhukov, Voronezh Province       221

G. A. Borkov, Saratov Province           222

F. F. Kuznetsov, Army        223

P. F. Cheplakov, Sakhalin Province 224

S. A. Vagapov, Bashkir Autonomous Republic 225

S. S. Rumyantsev, Velikiye Luki Province 226

A. U. Khakhalov, Buryat-Momgolian Autonomous Republic        227

M. M. Pidtychenko, Kiev    227

I. K. Lebedev, Omsk Province    228

S. Ye. Zakharov, Navy       229

E. Kasnauskaite, Lithuanian Republic        229

V. G. Tskhovrebashvili, Georgian Republic        230

F. S. Gorỳachev, Tyumen Province    231

L. F. Ilyichev, Press   231

V. V. Lukyanov, Yaroslavl Province   232

K. Ye. Voroshilov, The War and Its Outcome      233

         XIV. STALIN'S CONCLUDING REMARKS

Pravda's Picture of Stalin Speaking   235

Speech by J. V. Stalin        235

Foreign Communist Parties Which Sent Greetings and Observers   236

         XV. THE CONGRESS DECISIONS

         Membership of Central Party Bodies

Central committee Members      237

Central Committee Candidates [Alternates]        240

Central Inspection Commission         242

Presidium and Secretariat          242

Chairman of Central Inspection Commission     242

         Congress Resolutions

On Changing the Name of the Party 242

On Changes in the Statutes       242

On Revising the Party Program          242

Resolutions on Reports     242

Co-opting Party Officials Denounced          243

         XVI. AFTER STALIN

Case of the Kremlin Doctors      244

Spies, Saboteurs, Embezzlers and Swindlers    244

Stalin's Illness and Death 246

Formation of the New Regime   247

Funeral Orations by Malenko, Beria and Motolov       249

Composograph and Photo of the Funeral 250

Mao Tse-tung's Tribute to Stalin         253

Composograph and Photo of Mao and Malenkov      254

Supreme Soviet Session: The Cabinet and the Reorganization of the Ministries 255

Changes in the Secretariat        258

The Amnesty     258

Case of the Kremlin Doctors-II   259

Glossary   261

Measurements and Translation of Geographic Terms         262

Index         263

About the Current Digest of the Soviet Press      268

Publications From Which Translation Appear    269

Transliteration 269

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For

STALIN'S KEYNOTE: 'ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF SOCIALISM IN THE U.S.S.R.'

See Stalin's Book in other Archives [Transcriptor]

II. THE CONGRESS DOCUMENTS

The Announcement of the Congress

TO THE ATTENTION OF ALL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY (OF BOLSHEVIKS) . ( Pravda and Izvestia, Aug. 20, p. 1. Complete text:) A plenary session of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party was held recently in Moscow.The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party decided to convene the next, 19th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party Oct. 5, 1952.

Agenda of the 19th Congress

1.         Report of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party--Comrade G. M. Malenkov, Secretary of the Central Committee, reporter.

2.         Report of the Central Inspection Commission * of the AllUnion Communist Party--Comrade P. G. Moskatov, Chairman of the Inspection Commission, reporter.

3.         Directives of the 19th Party Congress for the Fifth Five-Year Plan of Development of the U.S.S.R., 1951-1955--Comrade M. Z. Saburov, Chairman of the State Planning Committee, reporter.

4.         Changes in the Statutes of the All-Union Communist Party --Comrade N. S. Khrushchev, Secretary of the Central Committee, reporter.

5.         Election of central Party bodies.

Quotas of Representation and Method of Election Of Delegates to the Congress

1.         One delegate with voting powers per 5000 Party members;

2.         One delegate with consultative voice per 5000 candidates to Party membership.

3.         In accord with the Party Statutes, delegates to the 19th Party Congress are to be elected by closed (secret) ballot.

4.         Delegates from Party organizations of the Russian Federative Republic are to be elected at Party conferences of provinces, territories and autonomous republics. In other Union republics delegates are to be elected at province Party conferences or at Congresses of the Communist Parties of the Union republics, at the discretion of the Central Committees of the Union republic Communist Parties.

5.         Communists enrolled in Party organizations of the Soviet Army and Navy and border units of the Ministry of State Security are to elect delegates to the 19th Party Congress together with other Party organizations at province or territory Party conferences or at Congresses of Communist Parties of the Union republics.

J. STALIN, Secretary, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks).

TRANSLATOR'S NOTE: Simultaneously with the above announcement, Soviet newspapers Aug. 20 printed two drafts prepared by the Communist Party Central Committee for the Congress: a draft of Congress directives for the Fifth Five-Year Plan and a draft of revised Party Statutes.

Chronological order would require printing these drafts at this point and then, at the end of the book, the final versions adopted by the Congress. (The final version of the

Five-Year Plan directives appeared in Pravda Oct. 12 and the final version of the Party Statutes Oct. 14.)

However, the changes made in the drafts were so slight that it would be wasteful of space to print both the drafts and the final versions. Moreover, printing the drafts

separately from the final versions would cause unnecessary trouble to the reader who wishes to compare them and to find the changes made.

Accordingly, only the final versions appear here, with the changes made during the Congress clearly delineated. All words or passages that were added to the drafts are

shown by underlining. All words or passages deleted from the drafts are printed in square brackets. With this key, the reader has both the drafts and the final versions before him and a ready picture of the changes made during the Congress.

Elsewhere in this book square brackets are reserved for translator's notes or interpolations, and underlining to convey emphasis indicated in the Russian original by boldface type.

____________________

*          [" Revizionnaya komissia," which is sometimes variously translated in other publications as "auditing," "inspection" or "revision" commission.--Trans.]

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Directives on Fifth Five-Year Plan

The "Draft of the Central Committee of the All-Union Com-

munist Party: Directives of the 19th Party Congress for

Fifth Five-Year Plan of Development of the U.S.S.R., 1951-

1955," published in Pravda Aug. 20, pp. 1-3, is identical

with the directives adopted by the Congress (below) except

for changes indicated: additions by underlining and dele-

tions by square brackets.

DIRECTIVES OF 19TH PARTY CONGRESS FOR FIFTH FIVEYEAR PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE U.S.S.R., 1951-1955. -- Resolution of the 19th Congress of the All Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) on the Report by Comrade M. Z. Saburov, Chairman of the State Planning Committee. -- Adopted Unanimously. ( Pravda, Oct 12, pp. 1 - 3. Complete text:) The successful fulfillment of the Fourth Five-Year Plan makes it possible to adopt another, the Fifth FiveYear Plan, ensuring the further advance of all branches of the national economy and a rise in the material well-being, health and cultural standard of the people.

In conformity with this, the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union deems it necessary to give the Party Central Committee and the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers the following directives for the Fifth Five-Year Plan of development of the U.S.S.R., 1951-1955.

I. IN INDUSTRY

1. The advance in the level of industrial production for the five-year period should be fixed at approximately 70%, with an average annual rate of increase in total industrial output of approximately 12%. The rate of increase in the output of the means of production (Group A) should be set at 13%, and of the means of consumption (Group B) at 11%.

2. The increase in output of the major items of industrial production in 1955, compared with 1950, should be provided for in approximately the following magnitudes: Pig iron 76%, steel 62%, rolled metal 64%, coal 43%, oil 85%, electric power 80%, steam turbines 2.3 times, hydroturbines 7.8 times, steam boilers 2.7 times, metallurgical equipment 85%, oil equipment 3.5 times, big metal-cutting machine tools 2.6 times, automobiles 20%, tractors 19%, calcine soda 84%, caustic soda 79%, mineral fertilizers 88%, synthetic rubber 82%, cement 2.2 times, cut timber 56%, paper 46%, cotton goods 61%, woolen fabrics 54%. leather footwear 55%, granulated sugar 78%, meat 92%, fish 58%, butter 72%, vegetable oils 77%, canned goods 2.1 times.

3. State capital investments in industry in 1951-1955 should be set at approximately double those of 1946-1950, in conformity with the plan for the further advance of industrial production. Together with opening new enterprises and units, increase in the capacity of operating enterprises should be ensured by their reconstruction, installation of new equipment, mechanization and intensification of production, and improvement of technological processes.

Expansion of existing enterprises should be used as a major source of increasing production with the least outlay.

The foundations should be laid for construction of metallurgical plants, power stations, oil refineries, chemical industry plants and coal mines so as to ensure the necessary development of these branches of industry in subsequent years.

Improvement in the geographic distribution of construction of industrial enterprises should be ensured in the new fiveyear plan period, bringing industry closer to the sources of raw material and fuel with the object of eliminating irrational and excessively long shipments.

4. In the iron and steel industry, along with further increase in the production of ferrous metals, the variety and output of shortage types of rolled metal should be increased particularly heavy sheet steel by approximately light section steel and rolled wire 2.1 times, and stainless sheet steel 3.1 times. Production of economical types and grades of rolled metal should be developed.

Production of special steels and alloys for the needs of machine building should be increased and their quality improved.

Further improvement should be made in the utilization of operating capacity of metallurgical enterprises. Work should be intensified on improving metallurgical production processes, automatization and mechanization of metallurgical aggregates and of labor-consuming jobs in enterprises of the iron and steel industry.

The introduction of additional production capacity for pig iron during the Fifth Five-Year Plan period should be approximately 32% more than in the Fourth Five-Year Plan, steel 42% more, rolled metal not less than twice as much, coke 80% more, and iron ore three times as much.

Together with the development of the iron and steel industry in the South, the Urals, Siberia, the Center and the Northwest, further development of the metallurgical industry in the Transcaucasus and conducting of planning and surveying work on iron ore deposits in the Karelo-Finnish Republic should be ensured.

Development of the production of ferrous metals by local industry should be provided for through building small steel mills.

5. Production of nonferrous metals should be substantially expanded. Production should be increased in the five years by the following approximate amounts: refined copper 90%, lead 2.7. times, aluminum not less than 2.6 times, zinc 2.5 times, nickel 53% and tin 80%.

Mining and labor-consuming operations should be mechanized, production processes automatized and intensified, complex extraction of metal from ore should be increased, further growth in the production of higher grade metals should be ensured, the utilization of capacity of existing plants considerably extended and improved, and new ones built.

6. In the sphere of electrification, the pace of increasing the power plant capacity should be high in order to meet the growing power needs of the national economy and the household needs of the public and to increase reserves in the power networks.

The total capacity of electric stations should be increased in the five years approximately twofold and of hydroelectric stations threefold, while in regard to fuel-operated power plants expansion of existing enterprises should be foremost. Large hydroelectric stations, including the Kuibyshev station of 2,100,000 kilowatts, as well as the Kama, Gorky, Mingechaur, UstKamenogorsk and other stations (with a total capacity of 1,916,000 kilowatts), should be put into operation. The KuibyshavMoscow transmission line should be built and put into service.

Construction of the Stalingrad and Kakhovkaand Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Stations should be developed and now big hydroelectric stations started at Cheboksary on the Volga, Votkinsk on the Kama, Bukhtarma on the Irtysh and many other places.

Work should be started on tapping the power resources of the Angara River, developing through cheap electric power local raw material sources for the aluminum, chemical, mining and other industries.

With a view to improving considerably the electric power supply of the South, the Urals, and the Kuznetsk Basin, a substantial increase should be ensured in the capacity of fuel-operated power plants for local and industrial service in these areas. In order to ensure the electric power supply to cities and districts, small and medium electric stations should be built as well as big ones.

In connection with the tasks of further industrialization, an increase of two to 2.5 times should be ensured in the production of electric power in the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Republics. The Narva Hydroelectric Station and the Riga FuelOperated Central Power Plant should be but and construction of the Kaunas Hydroelectric Station developed. Planning and survey ing work for the construction of hydroelectric stations in the Baltic should be conducted.

Fuel-operated central power plants and central steam-heating systems should be built for central heating of cities and industrial enterprises.

There should be extensive automatization of production proc-

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esses in power plants. Full automatization of district hydroelectric stations should be completed and a beginning should be made on introducing remote control operations in power systems.

7. High-speed development of the oil industry should be ensured. Further development of extraction of oil from tidelands deposits should be provided for.

In conformity with the projected increase in oil extraction development of the oil-refining industry should be ensured, and the oil refineries should be brought closer to the districts using petroleum products.

In the course of the five-year plan the capacity of primary refining plants should be increased approximately twofold and of cracking plants by 2.7 times, envisaging a substantial acceleration of oil processing and greater extraction of light petroleum products both at existing and new refineries.

Production of synthetic liquid fuel should be developed.

Construction and opening of trunk oil pipelines and storage tanks for oil and oil products should be substantially increased.

8. Further development of the gas industry should be ensured. Production of natural gas and of the oil gas that is a by-product of oil extraction, as well as production of from coal and shale, should be increased approximately 80% in the five years. Use of gas for household needs, its use as automobile fuel, and production of chemicals from gas should be expanded.

Production of artificial gas from shale in the Estonian Republic should be increased approximately 2.2 times and the Kohtla-Jarve--Tallinn gas pipeline should be completed and opened.

9. In the coal industry, a more rapid increase should be envisaged in the production of coking coal, enlarging output of this coal by not less than 50% in the five years.

The quality of coal should be raised, substantially expanding the amount of concentration and briquetting; concentration of coal should be increased approximately 2.7. times in five years.

The methods of working coal deposits should be systematically improved. The latest coal-mining machinery and equipment should be introduced for the purposes of complex mechanization, further technical re-equipment of the coal industry and growth of labor productivity. Mechanization of the more laborconsuming processes should be thoroughly developed in coal mining, particularly in cutting and hauling coal and ore during the tunneling of preparatory workings, and mechanized propping methods should be introduced more widely.

Mine capacity should be enlarged approximately 30% as compared with the Fourth Five-Year Plan.

A 27% increase in peat production should be provided for in the five years and also further development of the extraction of local coal; production of shale should be increased 2.3 times, with an especially large increase in the Estonian Republic. On the basis of development of the shale chemical industry, production of synthetic liquid fuel in the Estonian Republic should be enlarged approximately 80% during the five-year period.

10. A high rate of development should be envisaged for machine building, as the basis of great new technical progress in all branches of the U.S.S.R. national economy. Output of the machine-building and metal-working industries should be approximately doubled in the five years.

Full provision of equipment for electric stations, for enterprises of the iron and steel and nonferrous metal industries, for construction of plants for processing oil and producing synthetic liquid fuel and for chemical industry plants should be considered a particularly important task in machine building. Production should be developed, in the necessary amounts, of hydraulic and steam turbines, generators, high-voltage equipment and various control instruments for the operation of big water power plants, fuel-operated electric stations, metallurgical, oil-refining and other plants, as well as heavy machine tools, forging and press equipment.

In the five years, output of rolling equipment should be increased more than twofold, precision machine tools approximately twofold, heavy forging machines and presses eightfold, operation and control instruments and instruments for automatic and telemechanic operations approximately 2.7 times. Production of chemical equipment should be increased approximately 3.3 times in the five years. Manufacture of large diesel trucks as well as gas generator trucks should be substantially increased.

Launching of seagoing freighters and tankers should be increased approximately 2.9. times in 1955, as compared with 1950 of river passenger boats 2.6 times, of vessels for the fishing fleet 3.8 times.

Further development of machine building should be ensured: Shipbuilding and manufacture of turbines, electric machinery and machine tools in the Lithuanian Republic; manufacture of electric machinery and machine tools and shipbuilding in the Latvian Republic; shipbuilding and manufacture of electric machinery in the Estonian Republic.

A considerable increase should be ensured in the manufacture of hoisting and transport equipment, machines for the mechanization of labor-consuming operations, complete-unit equipment for the production of building materials and automatic equipment for light industry and the food industry. Production of looms should be expanded.

Manufacture of efficient machines and equipment for the timber, pulp and paper, sawmill and wood-processing industries should be increased.

In designing new machines, their weight should be reduced and their quality improved.

In order to carry out the assignment for the manufacture of major types of equipment in 1951-1955, new plants must be built and put into operation, existing plants manufacturing power equipment and rolling-mill equipment must be reconstructed, and new plants built for the manufacture of rolling-mill equipment, turbines and boilers; existing capacity must be enlarged and new capacity put into operation for the manufacture of oil equipment, hoisting and transport machinery, and complete-unit equipment for the building-materials industry; existing capacity must be substantially expanded and new capacity created for the manufacture of heavy machine tools, cutting machines and presses, as well as precision measuring instruments and instruments for automatic control of technological processes.

11. In the chemical industry a very high rate of increase must be ensured in the production of mineral fertilizers, soda and synthetic rubber, paying particular attention to maximum development of the production of rubber from oil gases.

Production of plastics, dyes and raw material for artificial silk should be increased and the assortment of other chemical products enlarged. Production of synthetics as substitutes for nonferrous metals should be developed.

Expansion should be envisaged for the production capacity for manufacture of ammonia, sulphuric acid, synthetic alcohol, soda, mineral fertilizers--especially granulated--and chemical insecticides.

Production of superphosphates should be organized in the Estonian Republic and construction of a superphosphate factory should be begun in the Lithuanian Republic.

Construction of mineral fertilizer plants should be begun to assure the necessary development of this industry in subsequent years. Full use should be made of phosphate slag as fertilizer for the fields.

Use of oxygen on a wide scale should be introduced in technological processes in various industries, particularly in iron and steel and nonferrous metal industries, in the production of gas from coal, and in the cellulose and cement industries.

12. The lag of the lumber industry behind the growing requirements of the national economy should be overcome. Output of timber should increase and the manufacture of wooden parts for industry and building should be developed. There should be extensive shifting of lumber camps to districts with plentiful forest lands, especially in the North, the Urals, Western Siberia and the Karelo-Finnish Republic, reducing the felling of timber in poorly forested districts. The seasonal nature of lumbering should be lessened, for which purpose mechanized enterprises should be built in new districts, ensuring them permanent cadres of workers. Further complex mechanization of timber felling and hauling should be carried out. The organization of production and the utilization of equipment should be improved, ensuring a rise in labor productivity at lumber camps. The new sawmill capacity introduced in the five years in new districts where timbering is developing should be approximately eight times as much as was introduced in the preceding five-year plan.

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Thorough development of the paper, cellulose, furniture, plywood, timber-chemical and hydrolysis industries should be provided. Production of furniture should be increased at least threefold.

13. To meet the growing requirements of the national economy, production of basic building materials should not less than double in the five years, quality should be improved and the assortment of building materials enlarged. Output of bricks should increase approximately 2.3 times, slate 2.6 times, and polished glass fourfold. New and improved wall materials should be introduced more boldly in urban and industrial building, increasing the output of big cinder blocks and concrete blocks. There should be considerable increase in production of new highquality, factory-made trim, facing materials, parts and sections of the, gypsum, concrete and reinforced concrete, to facilitate the further industrialization of construction, reduce its cost and improve the architectural and building qualities and the use values of buildings and installations. A higher rate of increase than for the U.S.S.R. as a whole should be set for production of building materials in the Urals, Siberia, the Volga areas, the Far East and Central Asia, as well as in large industrial districts where extensive construction is under way. The capacity of the cement industry should be increased approximately 2.1 times.

14. A high rate of increase should be ensured in the production of mass consumption goods. The output of the light and food industries should be expanded not less than 70%.

In conformity with the increase in supplies of agricultural raw materials, a large number of enterprises should be built for the light and food industries, especially cotton mills, cotton, artificial fiber mills, silk mills, clothing factories, knitgins and leather and shoe mills, sugar refineries, vegetable oil factories, vegetable-drying factories and enterprises of the confectionery, tea, canned goods, beer, wine, meat-packing, fish, butter and cheese industries.

The production capacity for the manufacture of cotton goods should be increased approximately 32% by the end of 1955, as compared with 1950, production capacity for artificial fiber making should be increased 4.7 times, footwear 34%, granulated sugar 25%, lump sugar 70%, tea 80%, oil seed processing capacity 2.5 times, vegetable drying 3.5 times, fish, vegetable and fruit canneries 40%, fish-freezing capacity at cold storage plants and in the refrigerator fleet 70%, meat packing 40%, creameries 35%, cheese factories twofold, milk canneries 2.6 times, powdered milk factories twofold and milkproduct plants 60%.

Processes in producing foodstuffs and manufactured goods should be extensively automatized and mechanized.

Extensive work should be conducted in fish breeding in order to increase the stocks of fish, especially in inland waters. In the five years the catch of fish in the Lithuanian Republic should increase approximately 3.9 times, in the Latvian Republic 80%, and in the Estonian Republic 85% [35%]. Fishprocessing enterprises in these republics should be enlarged and new ones built.

Further improvement should be ensured in the quality and assortment of foodstuffs and manufactured goods of mass consumption, and the packaging of foodstuffs should be improved.

15. Industrial output at local industry enterprises and producers' cooperatives should be increased approximately 60% in the five-year period, particularly output of consumers' goods, household articles and local building materials; and the quality of output should be substantially improved.

The Union republics should develop their own raw material resources for local industry and producers' cooperatives. The functioning of service and repair shops of local industry and producers' cooperatives catering to the needs of the public should be improved. Local Soviets must give more supervision to local industry and producers cooperatives.

16. The further development of the building industry should be ensured on the basis of strengthening and expansion of existing building organizations and the establishment of new building organizations in districts of extensive construction. The building organizations of the Ministry of Heavy Industry Enterprise Construction which build enterprises of the iron and steel and nonferrous metal industries should be strengthened, especially in the eastern districts, as well as the building organizations of the Ministry of Power Plants, the Ministry of the Oil Industry, the Ministry of the Coal-Mining Industry and the Ministry of Railroads, building organizations for the construction of chemical factories and building organizations for the the Ministry of Machine-Building Enterprise Construction which build plants that manufacture power and metallurgical equipment, oil equipment, heavy and unique machine tools, heavy forging machines and presses, hoisting and transport equipment and ships. Industrial methods of construction should be introduced widely.

The capacity of plants producing structural metal sections should be increased not less than twofold. The necessary number of large plants producing prefabricated reinforced concrete sections should be built. Existing district quarries should be enlarged and new ones established, with complex mechanization of the quarrying and treating of stone, gravel, sand and natural stone block. Mechanization of basic building jobs should be completed and provision made for shifting from the mechanization of separate processes to the comprehensive mechanization of construction. In the five years the fleet of excavators should be increased approximately 2.5 times, scrapers and bulldozers three to four times and traveling cranes 4.5 times.

Construction designing should be improved, the length of time for drawing up designs should be reduced and construction projects must be provided blueprints and estimates in the accorded time, widely introducing standard designs. Design organizations should be reinforced with skilled personnel.

17. In all branches of industry further notable improvement in quality of output should be ensured. The variety as well as volume of output of shortage types and grades of goods should be increased and improved in accord with the requirements of the national economy. State standards conforming to modern requirements should be resolutely introduced.

18. In order to meet the national economy's growing need of raw materials and fuels, further development of prospecting for mineral wealth must be ensured, uncovering mineral deposits, particularly of nonferrous and rare metals, coking coal, aluminum, oil, rich iron ores and other industrial raw materials.

II. IN AGRICULTURE

1. The main tasks in agriculture still are to increase yields of all crops, further increase the communally owned livestock, with simultaneous substantial growth in its meat and dairy yield, to increase the gross and marketed output of agriculture and animal husbandry through further strengthening and development of the communal economy of the collective farms, and to improve the work of state farms and Machine and Tractor Stations by introducing modern machinery and agrotechnics in agriculture.

Farming must become more productive and skilled, with well-developed grass sowing and proper crop rotation, with a higher proportion of land under industrial and fodder crops, vegetables and potatoes.

2. During the five-year period agricultural production should be increased as follows: Gross harvest of grain by 40% to 50% including wheat by 55% to 65%; raw cotton by 55% to 65%; flax fiber by 40% to 50%; sugar beets by 65% to 70%; potatoes by 40% to 45%; sunflower plants by 50% to 60%; grapes by 55% to 60%; tobacco by 65% to 70% and choice green tea leaf by approximately 75%.

Production of flax, soya, peanuts and other oil-bearing crops should be increased.

The output of fodder should be increased as follows: Hay by 80% to 90%, tubers and roots threefold to fourfold, and silage twofold.

Grain yields should be raised as follows: In the South Ukraine and North Caucasus to 20 to 22 centners per hectare, on irrigated land to 30 to 34 centners; in the Volga area to 14 to 15 centners, on irrigated land to 25 to 28 centners; in the Central Black Earth regions to 16 to 18 centners, on irrigated land to 30 to 40 centners; in the non-Black Earth belt to 17 to 19 centners; in the Urals, Siberia and Northeast Kazakhstan to 15 to 16 centners, on irrigated land to 24 to 26 centners; in the Transcaucasus to 20 to 22 centners, on irrigated land to 30 to 34 centners; rice on watered lands to 40 to 50 centners.

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The yield of cotton per hectare should be raised as follows: In Central Asia and South Kazakhstan to 26 to 27 centners; in the Transcaucasus to 25 to 27 centners; and in the southern districts of the European part, on watered land to 11 to 13 centners and on unwatered land to five to seven centners.

The yield of flax fiber per hectare should be increased in the non-Black Earth belt to 4.5 to 5.5 centners and in the Urals and Siberia to four to five centners; sugar beets in the Ukraine Republic, Moldavian Republic and North Caucasus to 255 to 265 centners, in the Central Black Earth regions to 200 to 210 centners, and in Central Asia and Kazakhstan to 400 to 425 centners; potatoes in the nonBlack Earth belt to 155 to 175 centners, in the Central Black Earth regions to 140 to 160 centners, in the South and the North Caucasus to 135 to 155 centners, and in the Urals and Siberia to 125 to 145 centners; sunflowers in the Ukraine Republic, the Moldavian Republic and the North Caucasus to 17 to 20 centners, in the Central Black Earth regions to 14.5 to 16.5 centners and in the Volga area to ten to 12 centners.

3. Raising of vegetables and potatoes and output of dairy and meat products should be increased in the suburban zones around Moscow, Leningrad and the cities of the Urals, the Donets Basin, Kuznetsk Basin and other industrial centers and large cities; potato and vegetable and animal husbandry bases should be established in the new industrial districts.

During the five years the potato crop in the zones around distilleries and starch and molasses factories should be increased approximately 50% and vegetable crops should be doubled in zones around canneries and dehydrated vegetable factories.

During the five years the area of orchards and berry patches in the collective farms should be increased approximately 70%, vineyards 50%, tea plantations 60% and citrus orchards 4.5 times.

4. During the five years the output of animal products should be increased as follows: Meat and fats 80% to 90%, milk 45% to 50%, wool approximately twofold to 2.5 times, including fine wool 4.4 to five times, eggs (on the collective and state farms) sixfold to sevenfold.

The number of livestock should be increased as follows: Cattle in agriculture as a whole 18% to 20%, including cattle on collective farms 36% to 38%, and cows approximately 100%; sheep in agriculture as a whole 60% to 62%, including sheep on collective farms, 75% to 80%; hogs in agriculture as a whole, 45% to 50%, including hogs on the collective farms, 85% to 90% ; poultry on the collective farms, three to 3.5 times; horses in agriculture as a whole, 10% to 12%, including horses on collective farms, 14% to 16%.

Further development of highly productive animal husbandry, particularly dairy cattle and hogs, should be ensured in the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Republics; the milk yield per cow on the collective farms of the non-Black Earth belt should be raised to 1800 to 2000 kilograms; in the South and in the Volga areas to 1600 to 1900 kilograms; in Siberia, the Urals and Northeastern Kazakhstan to 1500 to 1700 kilograms; in Central Asia to 700 to 900 kilograms, and in the Transcaucasus to 900 to 1100 kilograms.

The wool clip per fine-wooled sheep on the collective farms of the South and of the North Caucasus should be increased to 5.2 to 5.8 kilograms; and per medium-wooled sheep to 4.2 to 4.8 kilograms; in the Central Black Earth regions per finewooled sheep to 4.2 to five kilograms, and to four to 4.2 kilograms per medium-wooled sheep; in the Volga areas per fine-wooled sheep to 4.6 to 5.4 kilograms, and to 3.9 to 4.5 kilograms per medium-wooled sheep; in Siberia per fine-wooled sheep to 4.3 to 4.9 kilograms, and to 3.8 to 4.2 kilograms per medium-wooled sheep.

5. New and higher-yielding grain strains, more productive and earlier-ripening cotton strains and sugar beet strains with a higher sugar content should be introduced, as well as more kinds of high-oil-content sunflowers; and new seed strains should be developed for planting on the newly irrigated lands. Seed production should be improved on collective and state farms.

6. Further development of work on shelter forestation in the steppe and forest-steppe areas should be ensured through soil and forest amelioration measures to combat soil erosion, as well as through forestation of sandy areas, planting forests for lumber and planting green belts around cities and industrial centers and along the banks of rivers, canals and reservoirs.

During the five years not less than 2,500,000 hectares of forest shelter belts are to be planted on collective and state farms and about 2,500,000 hectares of nurseries and state forests.

7. Highly productive use of all the irrigated and drained lands should be ensured and the transition should be made everywhere to the new system of irrigation by temporary channels in place of permanent ones; the work of building irrigation and watering systems based on power from the Kuibyshev Hydroelectric Station and in the zone of the V. I. Lenin Volga-Don Navigation Canal should be considered a task of primary importance; work should be started on building irrigation and watering systems in the zone of the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station and the Main Turkmenian, Southern Ukraine and Northern Crimea Canals.

Preparatory work should be conducted for the construction of irrigation and water systems for the lands of the Kulunda Steppe. The work of building irrigation systems should continue in the Central Black Earth regions, the Kura-Aras lowlands, the basins of the Syr-Darya, Zeravshan and Kashka-Darya Rivers, in the regions of the Central Fergana, the Kuban Yegorlyk system, the Orto Tokoi Reservoir and the Great Chuisk Canal.

During the five years the area of irrigated lands should be enlarged 30% to 35%; 30,000 to 35,000 ponds and reservoirs should be built on collective and state farms, and their thorough economic utilization should be ensured.

Work on draining marshes should be carried out in the Belorussian Republic, the Ukraine Republic -- particularly in the Polessie lowlands -- the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Republics, the Karelo-Finnish Republic, the northwestern and central parts of the Russian Republic, the Baraba lowlands and other areas. The area of drained land should be increased 40% to 45% between 1951 and 1955.

8. The further introduction of more intensive methods of livestock care--stall feeding of livestock, taking into consideration the peculiarities of the various districts--should be regarded as of particular importance for increasing dairy yields of cattle on the collective and state farms.

For further development of sheep raising, well-equipped pasturage should be developed in the areas supplied with water from the V. I. Lenin Volga-Don Navigation Canal, the Caspian depression, the Nogaisk Steppe and the Turkmenian Canal; irrigation of the pasture lands should advance as new systems come into operation, so that in the above-mentioned areas there would be good pasture for large sheep flocks.

In Central Asia and Kazakhstan, high-yield hay areas and pastures should be established by employing local irrigation and artesian water, so as gradually to reduce long drives of cattle from one pasture to another.

9. Mechanization of basic field work should be completed on the collective farms and mechanization of labor-consuming work should be widely developed in animal husbandry, vegetable and orchard gardening and work connected with the loading, unloading and transport of agricultural produce, and in irrigation, draining of marshland and other land reclamation.

By 1955 the level of mechanization in plowing and sowing of grain, technical and fodder crops should be brought up to 90% to 95%, in combine harvesting of grain crops and sunflowers up to 80% to 90%, in harvesting sugar beets up to 90% to 95%, in machine harvesting of raw cotton up to 60% to 70%, in sowing and gathering of long-staple flax up to 80% to 90%, in planting, cultivation and digging of potatoes up to 55%, to 60%, in haymaking and ensilaging up to 70% to 80%.

Improved operation by the Machine and Tractor Stations should be ensured, their mechanization of labor-consuming work in all branches of collective farming should be expanded and the Machine and Tractor Stations' responsibility for meeting planned goals for crop yields and productivity of animal husbandry should be increased.

By the end of the five-year plan the capacity of the Machine and Tractor Stations' tractor pool should be increased approximately 50%, in particular that of plowing tractors with cultivating equipment. During the five years daily output per tractor should be increased approximately 50%. Introduction of the more economic diesel tractors should be completed.

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The network of Machine and Tractor Stations in the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Republics should be enlarged and their tractors and agricultural machinery should be increased.Introduction of electric tractors and agricultural machinery operating on electric power should be considered one of the chief tanks, particularly in areas near the large hydroelectric stations.10.  The capital investment of collective farms should go in the first place to develop communal economy--for erecting farm buildings and stables and sheds, for irrigation and drainage canals, for reservoirs, for clearing brush, for planting forest shelter belts, for building collective farm power plants and for other construction necessary for successful development of the collective farms' communal economy and for increasing the revenue of collective farms and the incomes of the collective farmers.11. In the field of state farm operation, the most important problem Is to increase marketed output, particularly of wheat, fine and semi-fine wool and meat, as well as to see to development of collective farm animal breeding by pedigreed stud stock.For the purpose of setting up a dependable fodder base and fully ensuring coarse and succulent fodder for state farm livestock, sowings of fodder crops must be increased on the state farms by 45% to 55%. State farms should ensure a considerable increase in the yield of all crops. State farms should increase the number of cattle 35% to 40% (including cows 70% to 75%), sheep 75% to 80%, and hogs 40% to 45%.The milk yield per cow on the state farms should be raised to the following figures by 1955. In the non-Black Earth belt to 3500 to 3900 kilograms, in the Central Black Earth regions to 3000 to 3400 kilograms; in the South and the North Caucasus to 2800 to 3200 kilograms; in Siberia and the northern provinces of Kazakhstan to 2400 to 2900 kilograms; on the state stud farms of the Volga areas, Central Asia, the Transcaucasus and the southern provinces of Kazakhstan, to 2100 to 2600 kilograms. The average clip per fine-wooled sheep on state farms of the South and the North Caucasus and Volga areas should be increased to 5.5 to 6.5 kilograms; in Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia and the Transcaucasus to 4.3 to five kilograms.The state farms must largely complete the complex mechanization of all the more labor-consuming work in the fields, in animal husbandry, in raising fodder crops and in fodder preparation.There should be large-scale construction on the state farms of dwellings, buildings for cultural needs and everyday services and farm buildings.12.  For the purpose of ensuring the planned increase in agricultural production, the amount of state capital investments in agriculture should be set at approximately 2.1 times (and for irrigation and amelioration work approximately four times) as much as during the Fourth Five-Year Plan.

III. IN COMMODITY TURNOVER, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS

1. On the basis of the increase in industrial and agricultural production, the retail goods turnover in state and cooperative trade should be increased approximately 70% in the five-year period.Sale to the public of essential goods in 1955 should be increased by approximately the following amounts in comparison with 1950:Meat products 90%, fish products 70%, butter 70%, cheese twofold, vegetable oil twofold, canned vegetables, fruits and milk 2.5 to three times, sugar twofold, tea twofold, wine twofold, beer 80%, clothing 80%, cotton, woolen, silk and linen textiles 70%, footwear 80%, hosiery twofold, knit goods 2.2 times, furniture threefold, metal kitchen utensils 2.5 times, bicycles 3.5 times, sewing machines 2.4 times, radio and television sets twofold, watches and clocks 2.2 times, domestic refrigerators, washing machines and vacuum cleaners severalfold.During the five-year period the network of dining rooms, restaurants and tearooms should be enlarged and their volume of business increased approximately 80%, with considerable improvement in the menus.The number of specialized shops for the sale of foodstuffs, clothing, footwear, textiles, furniture, household utensils and household goods, articles for cultural use and building materials should be increased. The manufacture of refrigerators and cold storage units for industry and the trade network should be substantially increased. The equipping of foodstuffs shops, restaurants and warehouses with refrigeration plants and the latest equipment should continue.2. The increase of freight haulage by railroads in 1955, as compared with 1950, should be 35% to 40%, by river transport 75% to 80%, by the merchant marine 55% to 60%, by highway trucking 80% to 85%, by air transport not less than twofold; and conveyance by pipeline should be approximately fivefold.3. To increase the carrying capacity of the railroads should be regarded as the most important task in rail transport. In this connection:

A.        Approximately 60% more double-tracking should be completed than in the last five-year plan, and four times as much double-tracking on electrified lines. The length of shunting lines should be increased to approximately 46% of the length of operating track.

B.        Approximately 2.5 times as much new railroad track should be laid and put into operation as in 1946-1950. The building of the South Siberian trunk line between Abakan and Akmolinsk should be completed, as well as a railroad line between Chardzhou and Kungrad, and construction of the line between Kungrad and Makat should be begun.

Construction of the following lines should be developed: Krasnoyarsk--Yeniseisk, Guryev--Astrakhan, Agryz--Pronino-Surgut. Necessary work should be carried out on reconstruction of railroad lines in the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Republics.

C.        By the end of the five-year period, as compared with 1950, the length of railroad sections equipped with automatic block systems should be increased approximately 80%; railroad sections equipped with automatic train stops should be increased not less than 2.5 times; the number of switches electrically operated from control points should be increased approximately 2.3 times. Installation of centralized dispatchers' signal equipment should be considerably increased, further mechanization of sorting yards ensured, work should continue on incorporation of radio communications in directing train movement and shunting.

D.        The condition of the right of way should be improved. During the five-year plan the railroads should receive approximately 85% more new rails than in 1946-1950.

E.        The railroads' requirements should be fully met in longhaul locomotives, electric locomotives and diesel locomotives, and in freight cars, refrigerator cars and passenger coaches; the introduction of automatic coupling on all rolling stock should be completed in the main and we should begin equipping all rolling stock with roller bearings; production of powerful new steam locomotives, electric locomotives and diesel locomotives, as well as gas-generator locomotives, should begin.

In order to improve the utilization of rolling stock: in 1955 the time taken for turnaround of cars should be reduced not less than 18% as compared with 1950, and the average distance covered in 24 hours by railroad engines increased not less than 12%; utilization of freight car space should be considerably improved and the load per freight train increased.

Measures should be taken to improve the organization of work connected with the movement of trains, especially the work of locomotive crews.

4. The capacity of river ports to handle ships should be increased approximately twofold. The first stage of work should be completed in building and reconstructing river ports at Stalingrad, Saratov, Kuibyshev, Ulyanovsk, Kazan, Gorky, Yaroslavl, Molotov, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk, Osetrovo, Kottas and Pechora. The main ports should be equipped with highly efficient machinery. Construction of mechanized landing stages for riverside industrial enterprises should be increased.

Work should be completed on the reorganization of the VolgaBaltic Waterway, the depth of the navigation channel on the river Kama increased, and a single deep-water transport system formed in the European part of the U.S.S.R.

Navigation should be improved and transportation of passengers and cargo increased along the waterways of the Nemunas

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and Daugava Rivers. Bridges should be provided over the Nemunas River at Kaunas and over the Daugava River at Riga.

Existing shipbuilding and ship repair yards should be reconstructed and new ones built for the river fleet. The construction of a fleet of passenger and cargo vessels suitable for operation on large waterways should be ensured. The role of river transport should be increased in freight movement in Siberia and the Far North.

Cargo shipment on smaller rivers should be developed to meet local needs.

5. The total tonnage of the merchant marine should be considerably increased and the base of our ocean shipbuilding industry expanded by constructing new shipbuilding and repair yards and enlarging the existing ones. Work should be carried out to widen and reconstruct the Leningrad, Odessa, Zhdanovo, Novorossisk Makhachkala, Murmansk, Naryan-Mar and Far Eastern seaports. Further development of sea transport should be ensured in the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Republics; the Riga and Klaipeda ports should be enlarged.

Approximately a twofold increase should be ensured in the capacity for handling ships at ocean ports and the capacity of ship repair yards for seagoing vessels. The capacity of fishing ports should be increased.

Shipping of cargo along the Northern Sea Route should be increased. New icebreakers should be added to the existing fleet.

The quality of work of inland shipping, merchant marine and fishing fleets should be improved. Delivery of cargo to the consumers should be faster, port work should be improved and ships' idle time reduced.

6. Hard surface motor roads should bebuilt and reconstructed to the extent of approximately 50% more than in 1946-1950, especially in the South, the Transcaucasus and the Baltic region.

The part played by common carrier motor transport in the carriage of freight and passengers should be increased. The amalgamation of truck pools which come under administrative departments and agencies should be completed. Utilization of highway vehicles should be improved and the cost of shipment considerably reduced. The network of auto repair and service stations should be enlarged. During the five-year period, the length of year-round intercity bus lines should be approximately doubled.

7. The number of civil air lines planes should be considerably increased, as well as the network of airlines and airports equipped for round-the-clock operation.

8. In order to ensure the further development of communications: During the five-year plan the length of intercity telephone and telegraph lines should be not less than doubled. The power of broadcasting stations should be considerably increased. Work on introducing ultra-short-wave broadcasting and building up the radio relay network should be developed. The capacity of urban telephone exchanges should be increased 30% to 35% during the five-year plan.

The work of the post office network in delivering printed matter and postal communications should be improved and interdistrict mail should be carried primarily by motor transport.

9. In accordance with the plan for the further development of transport and communications, state capital investments in transport and communications during 1951-1955 should be increased approximately 63% as compared with 1946-1950.

IV. IN FURTHER IMPROVEMENT OF THE MATERIAL WELLBEING, HEALTH AND CULTURAL LEVEL OF THE PEOPLE

1. On the basis of the constant growth of socialist production and the rise in labor productivity, the national income of the U.S.S.R. in the five years should be increased not less than 60% and, in connection with this, further growth should be ensured in the incomes of workers, employees and peasants.

In accordance with the growth in the volume of production and labor productivity and also with the tasks in the field of cultural progress, the number of workers and employees in the national economy in 1955--the last year of the five-year planshould increase approximately 15% in comparison with 1950.

2. Retail prices of consumers' goods should continue to be reduced steadily, bearing in mind that lowering of prices is the chief means of systematically raising the real wages of the workers and employees and increasing the incomes of the peasants. The real wages of the workers and employees should be increased not less than 35%, taking into consideration the lowering of the retail prices.

State allocations for social insurance of workers and employees should grow approximately 30% during the five-year period as compared with 1950.

On the basis of the increase in labor productivity of collective farmers, the rise in collective farm production and the growth of output of agriculture and animal husbandry, the collective farmers' monetary income and income in kind should be increased, in terms of money, by not less than 40%.

3. For the further improvement of housing of the workers and employees, housing construction should be extended by all means. A broad program of state housing construction should be provided in the five-year plan, increasing capital investments for this purpose approximately 100% as compared with the previous five-year plan. In cities and workers' settlements the state should build new dwelling units with total floor space of about 105,000,000 square meters. The building of individual dwellings in cities and workers' settlements by the public at its own expense, with the aid of state loans, should be facilitated.

Community and everyday-living services for the population of cities and workers' settlements should be improved; water mains, sewerage, heating, gas supply and municipal transport should be extended and municipal improvements developed. By the end of the five-year plan the volume of capital investments in community construction should be increased approximately 50% over that of 1950.

4. Further improvement and development of public health services should be ensured.

The network of hospitals, dispensaries, maternity homes, sanatoriums, rest homes, nurseries and kindergartens should be expanded in the five years, increasing the number of hospital beds not less than 20%, the number of accommodations in sanatoriums approximately 15%, in rest homes 30%, children's nurseries 20% and kindergartens 40%.

During the five years the number of hospital beds in the Lithuanian Republic should be increased approximately 40%, in the Latvian Republic 30% and in the Estonian Republic 30%.

Further provision of the most modern equipment to hospitals, dispensaries and sanatoriums and improvement of their work should be ensured.

During the five years the number of doctors in the country should be increased not less than 25%, and greater provision should be made for raising the qualifications of doctors.

Medical research should be directed toward solving major tasks of health service, concentrating particular attention on the problems of preventive medicine and ensuring the quickest application of medical discoveries.

Manufacture of medicines, medical equipment and instruments should be increased in 1955 to not less than 2.5 times as compared with 1950, with particular attention to enlarging output of the latest medicines and other effective remedies, both curative and preventive, as well as modern diagnostic and curative medical equipment.

The further development of physical culture and sports should be ensured.

5. By the end of the five-year plan the transition from sevenyear public school education to universal secondary (ten-year) education should be completed in republic capitals, cities under republic jurisdiction, province and territory capitals and the large industrial centers. The conditions should be prepared for full achievement in the subsequent five-year plan of universal secondary (ten-year) education in the remaining cities and rural localities.

To provide the increasing network of schools with the necessary number of teachers, admission to pedagogical institutes in 1951-1955 should be increased 45% as compared with 19461950; the increase in admission to pedagogical institutes of the Lithuanian Republic should be 130%, Latvian Republic 90% and Estonian Republic 60%.

Construction of urban and rural schools should be increased approximately 70% as compared with the previous five-year plan.

With the aim of further increasing the socialist educational

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effect of public schools and guaranteeing to students completing secondary school the conditions for a free choice of occupation, polytechnical instruction should be introduced in the secondary schools and measures necessary for shifting to general polytechnical education should be undertaken.6.  In accord with the task of further development of the national economy and cultural progress, the graduation of specialists of all types from the higher and secondary specialized educational establishments should be increased approximately 30% to 35% during the five years.The graduation by higher educational establishments of specialists for the most important branches of industry, building and agriculture in 1955 should be approximately twice the number in 1950.During the five years the training of scientific research and teaching personnel through postgraduate study in higher educational establishments and research institutes should be approximately doubled as compared with the previous fiveyear plan.The work of scientific research institutes and the scientific work of higher educational establishments should be improved; scientific personnel and facilities should be utilized more fully to solve important problems of development of the national economy, to generalize advanced experience and to ensure wide practical application of scientific discoveries. Scientists should be given every assistance in working out theoretical problems in all spheres of knowledge; and the ties between science and production should be strengthened.In view of the constantly growing aspiration of the adult population to improve its education, correspondence courses and evening higher and secondary specialized educational establishments should be further developed, along with schools of general education which the working citizens may attend while continuing to work.7.  To meet the growing demands of the national economy for qualified personnel, especially in connection with further introduction of advanced technology, the quality of training of young skilled workers in the system of state labor reserves should be improved and provision should be made for training and raising the qualifications of workers by way of individual and brigade education and by way of a system of courses and schools organized at the enterprises.8.  Further development should be attained in motion pictures and television. The network of motion picture theaters should be extended, increasing the number of motion picture projectors during the five years by approximately 25% and also increasing the production of films.The network of public libraries in 1955 should be not less than 30% larger than in 1950 and of clubs 15% larger, with improvement in their services to the public. To ensure a considerable increase in the publication of belles-lettres, scholarly literature, textbooks, periodicals and newspapers, the printing industry should be expanded and the quality of printing and design of books improved.9.  In accordance with the planned development of public health, education and scientific and cultural establishments, the volume of capital investment for these purposes should be increased during the five-year plan by approximately 50% as compared with the previous five-year plan.The Fifth Five-Year Plan outlines a new, mighty advance in the U.S.S.R. national economy and ensures a further considerable growth in the living standards and cultural level of the people. Fulfillment of the Fifth Five-Year Plan will be a big step forward on the path of the transition from socialism to communism.To fulfill the tasks of the Fifth Five-Year Plan it is necessary:

A.        (a) To mobilize the sources within the economy for further growth of socialist accumulation, attaining strict observance of state discipline and the fulfillment by each of the enterprises of the production plan in the assortment fixed for it. In order to meet the goals of the five-year plan in development of the national economy and in raising the living standards and cultural level of the working people, it is necessary to increase the total volume of state capital construction during 1951-1955 approximately 90%, but to increase state allocations for this construction only approximately 60% as compared with the Fourth Five-Year Plan, covering the difference of 30% through lowering the cost of construction by way of increased labor productivity, lowered overhead expenditure and lowered prices of building materials and equipment.

B.        (b) To raise labor productivity during the five-year plan approximately 50% in industry, 55% in construction and 40% in agriculture by introducing advanced technology in all branches of the national economy, improving the organization of labor and raising the workers' level of skill and technical knowledge. During the five-year plan it is necessary to complete in the main the mechanization of heavy and labor-consuming work in industry and construction.

To secure further improvement in labor safety in industrial enterprise.

C.        (c) To lower the cost of industrial production approximately 25% during the five-year plan and the cost of construction work not less than 20%, to reduce time limits in construction and to see to improvement in the quality of construction work. To lower the cost of tractor work of the Machine and Tractor Stations by approximately 25%, railroad shipment 15% and retail trade costs 23%. To make a sharp reduction in overhead expenditure of marketing organizations in industry, as well as in the deliveries, purchase and marketing of agricultural products.

D.        (d) To raise a mass movement of inventors and rationalizers among engineers, technicians, workers and collective farmers for further technical improvement and extension of production and for the general mechanization, lightening and further improvement of working conditions; to condemn the practice of economic organizations which underestimate the importance of introducing new technology and mechanizing labor and which use manpower incorrectly.

E.        (e) To enforce a firm regime of economy in all economic sectors, large and small; to raise the profitability of enterprises. Business executives must search, find and use the hidden reserves within production, must utilize to the maximum the available production capacity, systematically improve methods of production, lower cost of production and employ cost accounting.

To ensure a further considerable economy of material resources by eliminating waste in the use of materials and equipment, intensifying the struggle against rejects, introducing economical materials, and wide use of good industrial substitutes and progressive technology of manufacture.

To increase monetary control by financial agencies over fulfillment of economic plans and the observance of a regime of economy.

F.         (f) To double the state material and food reserves to ensure the country against any eventuality.

* * *

The present (fifth) five-year plan again demonstrates to the whole world the great vital force of socialism, the fundamental superiority of the socialist economic system over the capitalist system. This five-year plan is a plan of peaceful economic and cultural progress. It will facilitate the further strengthening and extension of economic cooperation between the Soviet Union and the people's democracies and the development of economic relations with all countries wishing to develop trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

The peaceful development of the Soviet economy scheduled under the five-year plan contrasts with the economy of the capitalist countries, which are marching along the path of militarization of the national economy, attainment of the highest profits for the capitalists, and further impoverishment of the working people.

The tasks set by the five-year plan make great demands on Party, state, economic, trade union and Young Communist organizations and oblige them to mobilize the broad masses of the working people to fulfill and overfulfill the new fiveyear plan, developing broad criticism of shortcomings in the work of our organizations with the aim of prompt elimination of these shortcomings.

It is necessary to render full support to the innovators in industry and collective farming, as well as to the leading workers of transport and other branches of the national economy, in their efforts to increase production, to raise labor productivity and to lower cost of production.

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The mighty force of socialist competition, the unanimous desire of the workers, collective farmers and intelligentsia to defend the cause of peace, and the steadfast determination of the working people to build a communist society should be directed to the fulfillment and overfulfillment of the new five-year plan.The peoples of the Soviet Union, under the tested leadership of the Communist Party, will successfully fulfill the new five-year plan.

The New Party Statutes

The "Draft of the Central Committee of the All-Union

Communist Party: Revised Statutes of the Party," pub-

lished in Pravda Aug. 20, pp. 3-4, is identical with the

Statutes adopted by the Congress (below) except for

changes indicated: additions by underlining and deletions

by square brackets.

STATUTES OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION. ( Pravda, Oct. 14, pp. 1-2. Complete text:)

I. THE PARTY. PARTY MEMBERS, THEIR DUTIES AND RIGHTS

1. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is a voluntary militant union of Communists holding the same views, formed of people of the working class, the working peasantry and the working intelligentsia.Having organized the alliance of the working class and working peasantry, the Communist Party accomplished, through the great October socialist revolution of 1917, the overthrow of the rule of the capitalists and landowners, the organization of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the liquidation of capitalism and abolition of exploitation of man by man, and ensured the construction of a socialist society.The chief tasks of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union now are to build a communist society by gradual transition from socialism to communism, to bring about a constant rise in the living standards and cultural level of society, to educate the members of society in internationalism and establishment of fraternal bonds with the working people of all countries, and to strengthen in every respect the active defense of the Soviet country against aggressive actions of its enemies.2. Any working person who is a Soviet citizen not exploiting anyone else's labor, accepting the Program and Statutes of the Party, taking active part in effecting them, working in one of the Party organizations and carrying out all the decisions of the Party may become a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.Members of the Party pay the established membership dues.3. It is the duty of a Party member:

A.        (a) To guard the unity of the Party in every way, as the prime condition of the Party's strength and might.

B.        (b) To be an active fighter for the fulfillment of Party decisions. Mere agreement with Party decisions does not suffice for a Party member; it is the Party member's duty to fight for the fulfillment of Party decisions. A passive and formal attitude on the part of Communists toward the decisions of the Party weakens the effectiveness of the Party and is therefore incompatible with membership.

C.        (c) To set an example on the job and to master knowledge of it, constantly increasing his working skills; in all ways to safeguard and strengthen public socialist property as the, sacred and inviolable basis of the Soviet system.

D.        (d) Day in and day out to strengthen contact with the masses, to respond promptly to the desires and needs of the working people, and to explain to the non-Party masses the meaning of the Party policy and decisions, mindful that the strength and invincibility of our party lie in close, inseparable ties with the people.

E.        (e) To work at increasing his political awareness, at mastering the principles of Marxism-Leninism.

F.         (f) To observe Party and state discipline, obligatory for all Party members alike. There can be no two disciplines in the Party, one for the leaders and another for the rank and file. The Party has only one discipline, one law for all Communists, irrespective of their services and the offices they hold. Violation of Party and state discipline is a great evil, harming the Party and hence incompatible with membership.

G.        (g) To develop sell-criticism and criticism from below, to expose and seek to eliminate shortcomings in work and to fight against a show of well-being and against being carried away by successes in work. Suppression of criticism is a great evil. He who silences criticism and substitutes ostentation and boastfulness in its place cannot remain in the ranks of the Party.

H.        (h) To report to leading Party bodies, right up to the Party Central Committee, shortcomings in work, irrespective of the persons involved. A Party member has no right to conceal an unsatisfactory state of affairs or ignore wrongdoings which damage the interests of the Party and state. He who hinders a Party member from carrying out this duty must be severely punished as violating the will of the Party.

I.          (i) To be truthful and honest before the Party and never permit concealment or distortion of truth. Untruthfulness of a Communist toward the Party and deception of the Party are grave misdeeds incompatible with Party membership.

J.         (j) To keep Party and state secrets and to display political vigilance, keeping in mind that the vigilance of Communists is necessary on every sector and in all circumstances. Disclosing Party or state secrets is a crime before the Party and incompatible with Party membership.

K.        (k) At any post entrusted to him by the Party, to carry out without fail the Party directives on correct selection of cadres with regard to political and working qualifications. Violating these directives--selecting cadres on the basis of friendship, personal loyalties, local allegiance or kinship--is incompatible with Party membership.

4. The Party member has the right:

A.        (a) To take part in free and businesslike discussion, at Party meetings and in the Party press, of matters of Party policy.

B.        (b) To criticize any Party functionary at Party meetings.

C.        (c) To elect or be elected to Party bodies.

D.        (d) To insist on personal participation in all cases when decisions are adopted concerning his activities or behavior.

E.        (e) To address any questions or statements to any Party body, at any level, right up to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

5. Admission to membership in the Party is granted exclusively on an individual basis. New members of the Party are accepted from among candidates who have completed their period as candidates. Workers, peasants and intelligentsia who are politically aware, active and devoted to the Communist cause are accepted as Party members.They must have attained the age of 18.The method of admitting candidates into the Party is as follows:

A.        (a) Persons to be admitted to the Party must be sponsored by three members of the Party of at least three years' standing who have been acquainted with the candidate in their joint work for a period of not less than one year.

(Note 1) --In admitting members of the Young Communist League to membership in the Party, the recommendation of the Young Communist League district committee is equal to the recommendation of one Party member.

(Note 2) --Members of and candidates for membership in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union must refrain from making recommendations.

B.        (b) The question of admission to Party membership is discussed and decided by a general meeting of the primary Party organization; its decision comes into force upon ratification by the district Party committee, and, in cities

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where there is no district  * subdivision upon ratification by the city Party committee. When discussing admission to the Party, the presence of the persons recommending admission is not essential.

C.        (c) Young people up to 20 years of age inclusive can join the Party only via the Young Communist League.

D.        (d) Persons who have left other parties are admitted to the Party on the recommendation of five Party members--three having a membership of ten years and two who were Party members before the revolution--and only through the primary Party organization with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

6. The sponsors bear responsibility for their recommendations.7. The Party membership of candidates admitted to the ranks of the Party dates from adoption, by the general meeting of the primary Party organization concerned, of a resolution confirming the given comrade's membership in the Party.8. Each member of me Party organization, upon moving to a district under another organization's jurisdiction, is enrolled as a member of the latter organization.(Note)--The transfer of Party members from one organization to another is carried out in accordance with rules set forth by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.9. Party members and candidates who have failed to pay their membership dues without valid reason for three months are considered to have automatically dropped out of the Party, and the primary Party organization adopts a resolution to that effect, which is ratified by the district or city Party committee.10. The question of expelling a Communist from the Party is decided by the general meeting of the primary Party organization of which he is a member, and the resolution is confirmed by the district or city Party committee. The resolution of the district or city committee to expel a member from the Party comes into force only when it has been confirmed by the province Party committee, the territory Party committee, or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of a Union republic.Until the province Party committee, the territory Party committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic ratifies the resolution expelling the member from the Party, his Party membership card remains in his hands and he has the right to attend closed Party meetings.11. The primary Party organization cannot adopt a resolution to exclude from the Party or to return to candidate status any Communist who is a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of a Union republic or a territory, province, region, city or district Party committee.The question of expelling a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of a Union republic or of a territory, province, region, city or district Party committee from membership in the committee or the Party or of returning the member to candidate status is decided at a plenary session of the committee concerned by a two-thirds majority.12. The question of expelling a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from the Central Committee or from membership in the Party or of returning the member to candidate status is decided by the Party Congress or, in the interval between Congresses, by a plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union by a two-thirds majority. A person expelled. from the Central Committee is automatically replaced by a candidate for membership in the Central Committee in the order established by the Congress in electing candidates to the Central Committee.13. In cases where a Party member has committed an offense punishable by the courts, he is expelled from the Party on receipt of the reports on his misdeeds from the administrative and judicial authorities.14. When deciding the question of expulsion from the Party, the maximum care and comradely concern must be exercised, and a very careful examination must be made of whether the accusation leveled against the Party member is justified.Minor misdeeds should be punished by Party educational measures and other means of influencing the individual (warning, reprimand, etc.) and not by expulsion from the Party, which is the severest form of Party punishment.When it is necessary as a measure of Party discipline, a Party organization may transfer a member of the Party to the status of candidate for a period of up to one year. The decision of a primary Party organization to return a Party member to candidate status is subject to ratification by the district or city Party committee. On expiration of the established period the person who has been returned to candidate status is admitted to Party membership on a regular basis and retains his former length of Party membership.15. Appeals by those expelled from the Party and the decisions of Party organizations to expel members from the Party must be reviewed by the Party bodies concerned within a period of 20 days from the day of receipt.

II. CANDIDATES FOR PARTY MEMBERSHIP

16. All persons wishing to join the Party pass through a candidate stage, which is essential in order that the candidate may acquaint himself with the Program, Statutes and tactics of the Party and that the Party organization may verify his personal qualifications.17. The method of admitting candidates (individual admission, presentation of recommendations and their verification, the resolution of the primary organization on admission and its ratification) is identical with that of admission to Party membership.18. The status of candidate lasts one year.The Party organization is obliged to help candidates to prepare to become Party members. On the expiration of the candidature, the Party organization must take up the question of the candidate's Party membership at a Party meeting.If the candidate has been unable to prove himself for reasons which the Party organization considers valid, the primary Party organization may prolong his candidature for a period not exceeding one year. In cases where it has become clear during the course of the candidature that in his personal qualifications the candidate is not worthy of admission to Party membership, the Party organization adopts a resolution to expel him from Party candidature. Decisions of the primary Party organization prolonging candidature or expelling from candidature come into force after their ratification by the district or city Party committee.19. Candidates for Party membership take part in meetings of the organization of which they are members, with the right to a consultative vote.20. Candidates for Party membership pay the usual membership dues into the fund of the local Party committee.

III. STRUCTURE OF THE PARTY. INNER PARTY DEMOCRACY

21. The guiding principle of the organizational structure of the Party is democratic centralism, meaning:

A.        (a) Election of all Party governing bodies from bottom to top.

B.        (b) Periodic accountability of Party bodies to their Party organizations.

C.        (c) Strict Party discipline and subordination of the minority to the majority.

D.        (d) The decisions of higher bodies are unconditionally binding upon lower ones.

22. The Party structure rests on a territorial-production * basis: the Party organization serving any given area is regarded as superior to all Party organizations serving parts of this area, and a Party organization serving an entire branch of production is regarded as superior to all Party organizations serving sections of this branch of production.

23. All Party organizations are autonomous in deciding local questions, provided that the decisions are not contrary to the Party's decisions.

24. The highest governing body of each Party organization is the general meeting (for primary organizations), the conference (for district and province organizations, for example), and the Congress (for the Communist Parties of Union republics and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union).

____________________

*          [The Russian "raion" (district--a political subdivision roughly equivalent to an American county) is translated "borough".where it denotes a subdivision of a city.--Trans.]

*          [Production is used to refer to industry, agriculture, transport, trade, etc.--Trans.]

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             25.  The general meeting, conference or Congress elects the bureau or committee which is the governing body and directs the entire current work of the organization.26.  In the election of Party bodies, voting by lists is forbidden. Voting must be on individual candidates. Moreover, all Party members are assured the unrestricted right to challenge candidates and to criticize them. Elections are held by closed (secret) balloting on candidates.27.  In cities and district centers the aktiv of city and district Party organizations is convened for discussion of the more important decisions of the Party and government. Moreover, the aktiv must be convened not for appearance's sake or for mere formal approval of these decisions, but for a genuine discussion of them.28.  The free and businesslike discussion of questions of Party policy in individual Party organizations or in the Party as a whole is the inalienable right of each Party member, a right which stems from inner Party democracy. Only on the basis of inner Party democracy can [Bolshevist] self-criticism be developed and Party discipline be strengthened. This must be conscious, not mechanical discipline.However, broad discussion of questions of Party policy, especially discussion on an all-Union scale, must be organized in such a way as not to lead to attempts by an insignificant minority to impose its will on the Party majority, or to attempts to form fractional groupings destructive of Party unity, or to schismatic efforts which may shake the strength and stability of the socialist system.Broad discussion on an all-Union scale can be considered essential only in the following cases:

A.        If it is considered essential by at least several local Party organizations on the province or republic level.

B.        If within the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union there does not exist a sufficiently firm majority on major questions of Party policy.

C.        If in spite of the fact that a firm majority in the Central Committee adheres to a definite view, the Central Committee nevertheless regards it as essential to verify the correctness of its policy by means of a discussion in the Party.

Only by meeting these conditions can the Party be safeguarded against misuse of inner Party democracy by anti-Party elements. Only under these conditions can one count on inner Party democracy to serve the cause and not be used to harm the Party and the working class.

IV. THE SUPREME BODIES OF THE PARTY

29. The highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is the Party Congress. Regular Congresses are convened not less often than once every four years. Extraordinary Congresses are convened by the Party Central Committee on its own initiative or on the demand of at least one-third of the total number of members represented at the previous Party Congress.Convocations of the Party Congress and its agenda are announced not later than one and one-half months before the Congress is to convene. Extraordinary Congresses are convened on two months' notice.A Congress is considered valid if there is represented at it not less than one-half of all members of the Party represented at the previous regular Congress.The norms of representation at the Party Congress are fixed by the Central Committee.30. If no extraordinary Congress is convened by the Central Committee within the term indicated in Article 29, Party organizations demanding the convocation of an extraordinary Congress have the right to form an organizational committee possessing the right of the Central Committee to convene an extraordinary Congress.31. The Congress:

A.        Hears and approves reports of the Party Central Committee, the Central Inspection Commission, and other central organizations.

B.        Reviews and amends the Program and Statutes of the Party.

C.        Determines the tactical line of the Party on fundamental questions of current policy.

D.        Elects the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Central Inspection Commission.

32. The number of members of the Party Central Committee and Central Inspection Commission is determined and their members are elected by the Congress. In the event of loss of members of the Central Committee, its membership is replenished from among the candidates elected by the Congress.33. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union holds not less than one plenary session every six months. Candidates for membership in the Central Committee attend plenary sessions of the Central Committee with the right to a consultative vote.34. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union organizes a Presidium to direct the work of the Central Committee between plenary sessions and a Secretariat to direct current work, chiefly as concerns verification of the fulfillment of Party decisions and selection of cadres.35. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union organizes a Party Control Committee under the Central Committee. The Party Control Committee under the Party Central Committee:

A.        Verifies the observance of Party discipline by Party members and candidates; calls to account Communists guilty of violating the Party Program and Statutes or of breaches of Party and state discipline, as well as violators of Party ethics (those guilty of deception of the Party, dishonesty and insincerity in relation to the Party, slander, bureaucracy, moral turpitude, etc.).

B.        Examines appeals against decisions of the Central Committees of the Communist Parties of Union republics and of territory and province Party committees concerning expulsions from the Party and Party disciplinary measures.

C.        Has its representatives, independent of local Party bodies, in the republics, territories and provinces.

36. In the intervals between Congresses the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union directs the whole work of the Party; represents the Party in its relations with other parties, organizations and institutions; organizes various Party institutions and directs their activity; appoints editorial boards of central organs of the press, which function under its control and confirms the editorial boards of Party publications of large local organizations; organizes and directs undertakings of social significance; distributes the manpower and resources of the Party, and administers the central fund.

The Central Committee guides the work of the central Soviet and public organizations through the Party groups within them.

37. For purposes of strengthening administrative and political work, the Party Central Committee has the right to set up political sections and assign Party organizers of the Central Committee to individual sectors of socialist construction which may assume a special importance for the national economy of the country as a whole and, likewise, when these have fulfilled their tasks, to abolish them or turn them into ordinary Party bodies constituted on a territorial-production basis.

The political sections work on the basis of special instructions handed down by the Central Committee.

38. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union keeps the Party organizations regularly informed about its work.

39. The Central Inspection Commission inspects: (a) the speed and correctness of the conduct of affairs in central bodies of the Party and the organizational condition of the apparatus of the Secretariat of the Central Committee; (b) the treasury and institutions of the Party Central Committee.

V. THE PROVINCE, TERRITORY AND REPUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS OF THE PARTY

40. The highest body of the province, territory and republic Party organizations is the province or territory Party conference or the Communist Party Congress in Union republics, and, in the intervals between them, the province committee, territory committee, or the Union republic Central Committee of the Communist Party. These are guided in their work by the decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its governing bodies.

41. A regular province or territory conference or Union republic Party Congress is convened by the province or territory committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party

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of the Union republic once every 18 months, and extraordinary sessions by decision of the province committee, territory committee, or Central Committee of a Union republic or on the demand of one-third of the total membership of organizations subordinate to the province, territory or republic Party organizations.

The norms of representation at the province or territory conference and the Union republic Party Congress are fixed by the province committee, territory committee, or Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic.

The province or territory conference or the Communist Party Congress of a Union republic hears and approves the reports of the province or territory committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic, the Inspection Commission, and other province, territory, or republic organizations; it discusses questions of Party, Soviet, economic and trade union work in the province, territory or republic, and elects the province committee, territory committee or Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic, the Inspection Commission and delegates to the Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

42. The province or territory committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic elects an executive body consisting of not more than eleven persons, including three secretaries whose election is ratified by the Party Central Committee Party membership of not less than five years is compulsory for the secretaries.

In the province and territory and the Communist Party Central Committees of the Union republics, Secretariats are formed to handle current questions and check on fulfillment. The Secretariat reports to the bureau of the province committee, territory committee, or Party Central Committee of the Union republic on the decisions adopted.

43. The province committee, territory committee or Union republic Party Central Committee organizes various offices of the Party within the province, territory or republic, and directs their activity; sees to undeviating fulfillment of the Party's directives and to developing criticism and selfcriticism and educating the Communists in an uncompromising attitude toward shortcomings; directs the study of Marxism-Leninism by Party members and candidates; organizes the communist training of the working people; appoints the editorial boards of the province, territory and republic Party press organs, which function under its control; directs the activity of the province, territory and republic Soviet and public organizations through the Party groups in them; organizes and directs undertakings of general importance for the province, territory, or republic; distributes within the jurisdiction of its organization the manpower and resources of the Party; administers the province, territory or republic Party funds; keeps the Party Central Committee regularly informed and, at specified times, submits to the Central Commitee reports on its activity.

44. The plenary session of the province committee, territory committee or Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic is convened not less than once in two months.

45. The Party organizations of the autonomous republics, as well as of national and other provinces within territories and Union republic work under the direction of the territory committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic and, in their internal life, are guided by the regulations set forth in Section V of the Party Statutes concerning province, territory, and republic organizations.

VI. REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE PARTY

46. In the provinces, territories and republics which have regions, regional Party organizations are formed in the latter.

The highest body of the regional Party organization is the regional Party conference, convened by the regional committee not less than once in 18 months, and extraordinary conferences convened by decision of the regional committee or on the demand of one-third of the total number of members of the organizations subordinate to the regional organization.

The regional conference hears and approves reports of the regional committee, the Inspection Commission and other regional Party organizations, and elects the regional committee of the Party, the Inspection Commission and the delegates to the province or territory conference or the Party Congress of the Union republic.

47. The regional committee elects a bureau consisting of not more than nine persons, including three secretaries of the regional committee. A three-year Party membership is compulsory for the secretaries. The secretaries of the regional committee are confirmed by the province committee, the territory committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic.

The plenary session of the regional committee is convened not less than once in one and one-half months.

48. The regional committee organizes various offices of the Party within the region and directs their activities; sees to undeviating fulfillment of Party directives, the development of criticism and self-criticism and the training of Communists in an uncompromising attitude toward shortcomings; directs the study of Marxism-Leninism by Party members and candidates; organizes the communist training of the working people; appoints the editorial boards of the regional Party press organ, which functions under its direction and control; directs the activity of regional Soviet and public organizations through the Party groups in them; organizes undertakings of regional importance; distributes within the region the manpower and the resources of the Party, and administers the regional Party funds.

VII. CITY AND DISTRICT (RURAL-DISTRICT; URBANBOROUGH) ORGANIZATIONS OF THE PARTY

49. The city and district Party conference is convened by the city or district committee not less than once a year, and extraordinary conferences by decision of the city or district committee or upon demand of one-third of the total membership of the organizations subordinate to the city or district organization.

The city or district conference hears and approves reports of the city or district committee, the Inspection Commission and other city or district organizations and elects the city or district committee, the Inspection Commission and the delegates to the territory or province conference or the Union republic Party Congress.

50. The city or district committee elects a bureau consisting of from seven to nine persons, including three secretaries of the city or district Party committee. Party membership of not less than three years is compulsory for the secretaries of the city or district committee. The secretaries of city and district committees are confirmed by the province committee, the territory committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic.

51. The city or district committee organizes and approves the primary Party organizations at enterprises, state farms, Machine and Tractor Stations, collective farms and offices, directs their activity and keeps the records of the Communists; sees to fulfillment of Party directives, the development of criticism and self-criticism and the training of Communists in an uncompromising attitude toward shortcomings; organizes the study of Marxism-Leninism by Party members and candidates; carries on the communist training of the working people; appoints the editorial boards of city or district Party press organs, which function under its direction and control; directs the activity of the city or district Soviet and public organizations through the Party groups in them; distributes within the city or district the manpower and resources of the Party, and administers the city or district Party funds.

The city or district committee submits reports on its activity to the province committee, the territory committee or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic at the times and in the manner specified by the Party Central Comittee.

52. Plenary sessions of city or district committees are convened not less than once a month.

53. With the permission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, borough organizations subordinate to the city committee are established in large cities.

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VIII. PRIMARY ORGANIZATIONS OF THE PARTY

54. The primary Party organizations are the foundation of the Party.The primary Party organizations are set up in factories, plants, state farms, Machine and Tractor Stations and other agricultural enterprises, collective farms, units of the Soviet Army and Navy, villages, offices, educational institutions, etc., wherever there are no less than three Party members.Candidates' groups or Party-and-Young Communist League groups are formed at industrial enterprises, collective farms, institutions, etc., where there are fewer than three Party members; these groups are headed by a Party organizer assigned by the district or city Party committee or the political section.The primary Party organizations are chartered by the district or city committees or the appropriate political departments.The highest organ of the primary Party organization is the Party meeting, which is convened not less than once a month.55. At industrial enterprises, institutions and collective farms, etc., where there are more than 100 Party members and candidates within a single primary Party organization encompassing the entire enterprise or establishment, Party organizations may be established in shops, sectors, departments, etc., in each case with the sanction of the district or city Party committee or the appropriate political section.Within the shop, department, etc., organizations, as well as within the primary Party organizations numbering fewer than 100 members and candidates, Party groups may be set up by brigades or sectors in the enterprise.56. In large enterprises and establishments having more than 300 Party members and candidates, Party committees may be formed, but the shop Party organizations of these enterprises and establishments retain the rights of primary Party organizations; in each individual case the sanction of the Party Central Committee is required for this.57. The primary Party organization links the mass of workers, peasants and intelligentsia with the Party governing bodies. Its task consists of:

A.        Agitation and organizational work among the masses for carrying out the public appeals and decisions of the Party, and providing the leadership of the primary press (house organs, wall newspapers, etc.).

B.        Enlisting new members in the Party and organizing their political training.

C.        Organizing the political education of Party members and candidates and seeing that they acquire a certain minimum knowledge of Marxism-Leninism.

D.        Cooperation with the district Party committee, city Party committee or political section in all their practical work.

E.        Mobilization of the masses in industrial enterprises, state farms, collective farms, etc., to fulfill the production plan, strengthen labor discipline and develop socialist competition.

F.         Struggle against laxity and thriftlessness in management of enterprises, state farms and collective farms, and constant concern for improving the cultural and living conditions of the workers, employees and collective farmers.

G.        Development of criticism and self-criticism and the training of Communists in an uncompromising attitude toward shortcomings.

H.        Active participation in the economic and political life of the country.

In order to increase the role played by the primary organizations of production and trade enterprises, including state farms, collective farms, and Machine and Tractor Stations, and their responsibility for the state of work in these establishments, these organizations are given the right to supervise * the work of the managements of the enterprises.

Party organizations of ministries, which, by virtue of the special conditions of work in Soviet establishments, cannot exercise supervisory functions, are obliged to signalize defects in the work of the establishment, report shortcomings in the work of the ministry and its individual workers, and submit their data and views to the Central Committee and to the heads of the ministries.

The secretaries of the primary Party organizations in ministries are confirmed by the Central Committee of the Party.

All Communists working in the central apparatus of a ministry form part of a single Party organization for the entire ministry.

The primary Party organization elects a bureau to conduct current work, consisting of not more than 11 members and serving one year.

The bureaus of the primary Party organizations are set up in Party organizations numbering not less than 15 members. In Party organizations numbering less than 15 Party members, bureaus are not set up, but the primary Party organization elects a secretary instead.

With the aim of rapid development and education of Party members in the spirit of collective leadership, shop Party organizations numbering not less than 15 and not more than 100 Party members have the right to elect a bureau of the shop Party organization consisting of from three to five persons, while those numbering more than 100 Party members have a bureau of from five to seven persons.

In primary Party organizations embracing not more than 100 Party members Party work is carried out, as a rule, by persons not excused from their jobs. Party membership of not less than one year is compulsory for secretaries of primary and shop Party organizations.

IX. THE PARTY AND THE YOUNG COMMUNIST LEAGUE

60. The Young Communist League carries out its work under the guidance of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Young Communist League Central Committee, which is the governing body of the Young Communist League, is subordinate to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The work of local organizations of the Young Communist League is guided and controlled by the respective republic, territory, province, city and district Party organizations.

61. Young Communist League members who become Party members or candidates leave the Young Communist League from the moment they join the Party, unless they occupy executive posts in Young Communist League organizations.

62. The Young Communist League is the active aide of the Party in all state and economic work. Young Communist League organizations must be channels for active application of Party directives in all fields of socialist construction, especially where there is no primary Party organization.

63. Young Communist League organizations have the right of broad initiative in discussing and submitting to the appropriate Party organizations all problems in the work of industrial enterprises, collective farms, state farms and offices connected with the aim of eliminating shortcomings in their operations and rendering them help needed to improve work, organize socialist competition, carry out mass campaigns, etc.

X. PARTY ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SOVIET ARMY, NAVY AND TRANSPORTATION

64. Party work in the Soviet Army and Navy is directed by the Chief Political Administrations of the Soviet Army and Navy of the U.S.S.R. and in transportation by the political administrations of the U.S.S.R. Ministries of Railroads, Merchant Marine and Inland Shipping. The political administrations function with the powers of departments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Party organizations in the Soviet Army and Navy and in transportation function on the basis of special instructions handed down by the Central Committee.

65. Party membership of five years is compulsory for heads of the political administrations of regions, fleets and armies, and heads of political sections of railroads; Party membership of three years is compulsory for heads of political administrations of divisions and brigades.

66. The political bodies [in the army, navy and transportation. --Trans.] must maintain close contact with local Party committees through constant participation in the local Party

____________________

*          [The Russian word "kontrol" does not imply "management," but "supervision" or "checkup," depending on context.-Trans.]

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committees by the heads of the political bodies, as well as through regular hearing by Party committees of reports by the heads of the political bodies on political work in military units and in the political sections in transportation.

XI. PARTY GROUPS IN NON-PARTY ORGANIZATIONS

67. At all congresses, conferences and elections of governing bodies of Soviet, trade union, cooperative and other mass organizations in which there are at least three Party members, Party groups are organized, the task of which is to intensify the Party's influence in every way, to carry out its policies among non-Party members, to strengthen Party and state discipline, to combat bureaucracy, and to check on fulfillment of Party and Soviet directives. For current work the group elects a secretary.

68. The Party groups are subordinate to the appropriate Party organizations (the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee'of the Communist Party of the Union republic, or the territory, province, region, city or district Party committee).

In all matters the Party group must be strictly and undeviatingly guided by the decisions of the Party governing bodies.

XII. PARTY FINANCES

69. The financial resources of the Party and its organizations consist of membership dues, revenue from Party undertakings, and other revenue.

70. The monthly membership dues for Party members and candidates are established as follows (in per cent of income):

Monthly Income       %

Below 500 rubles    1/2

Above 500 but not above 1000 rubles    1

From 1001 to 1500 rubles             1 1/2

From 1501 to 2000 rubles             2

Above 2000 rubles 3

71. Initiation fees are assessed upon admission to the ranks of Party candidates in the sum of 2% of monthly income.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS

( Pravda, Aug. 26, p. 2. Complete text:)

To All Communist Party Province Committees, Territory

Committees and Union Republic Central Committees

The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist

Party (of Bolsheviks) directs you to develop wide discus-

sion of the draft of the new five-year plan and the draft of

the Party Statutes, beginning this work as far as possible

with primary organizations [units]. All Party members

and candidates should be drawn into the discussion and

full freedom of criticism assured. The Party press

should grant its pages to both favorable and critical arti-

cles.

-- Secretariat of the Central Com-

mittee, All-Union Communist Party.

From the Editors of Pravda: The Central Committee

of the All-Union Communist Party has decreed that all

directing organizations of the Party be called upon to de-

velop discussion of the drafts of the new five-year plan

and Party Statutes, above all in the primary organizations

of the Party. The Party press should grant its pages to

both favorable and critical articles.

The Central Committee has directed the editors of

Pravda to establish in the pages of Pravda a special sec-

tion entitled 'Materials for the 19th Party Congress,'

containing articles and comment by comrades on ques-

tions on the agenda of the Congress.

Pravda appeals to Party organizations and individual

comrades to take part in the discussion of Congress ques-

tions and to send articles and views to Pravda.

Khrushcev's Theses

CHANGES IN STATUTES OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY OF BOLSHEVIKS. --Theses of Comrade N. S. Krushchev's Report to the 19th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party. ( Pravda, Aug. 26, p. 2. 5000 words. Condensed text:) Additions and changes in the Party Statutes are submitted for the consideration of the 19th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party. The need for these additions and changes arises from the fact that certain articles in the Statutes have become obsolete and the Statutes should reflect the experience in Party work accumulated in the years that have elapsed since the 18th Congress.

1. On the Party's New Name and the Definition in the Statutes of the Chief Tasks of the Party. --A need has matured to make the name of our party more precise. It is fitting to call the All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) henceforth the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in view of the fact, first, that the name Communist Party of the Soviet Union is more exact and, secondly, that there is now no need to retain the dual name for the Party, Communist and Bolshevist, since the words Communist and Bolshevist express the same thing.

Section I of the Party Statutes should be entitled "The Party. Party Members, Their Duties and Rights." Before outlining the duties and rights of Party members, it is fitting to give a brief description of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its chief tasks, in Article 1 of the section . . . [Article 1 is quoted.]

In view of this, there is no need for a preamble to the Statutes.

2. Who Can Be a Party Member. --In order to raise still higher the title of member of the Communist Party and the meaning of being a member, it is proposed that the article in the Statutes on eligibility for Party membership be given its new wording. ... [Article 2 is quoted.]

The statement in the Statutes that any working citizen of the Soviet Union who does not exploit the labor of others may be a member of the Party consolidates the attained achievements of the Party and reflects the tenet that the Communist Party consists of people of the working class, working peasantry and working intelligentsia.

As a result of the triumph of socialism the exploiting classes have been liquidated and there is no exploitation of man by man in our country. Soviet society consists of friendly classes. The moral-political unity of the Soviet people has been consolidated.

The new tasks confronting the Communist Party in building a communist society require greater responsibility by the Party member for the cause of the Party. Therefore the new wording of the proposed article on Party membership notes that to be eligible for Party membership one must not only accept the Party Program and Statutes but also actively promote their realization.

3. On the Duties of Party Members. --Experience shows that it is necessary to give a fuller definition in the Statutes of the duties of Party members.

First of all, it is necessary to set forth in the part on the duties of Party members that a Party member is under obligation to take every measure to protect the unity of the Party as the principal condition of the Party's strength and might. Concern for protecting the unity of the Party is a cardinal duty of a Party member, hence it will be quite right to begin the exposition of the Party member's duties with this basic requirement.

In order to raise still higher the leading role of Party members in the building of communism and their activeness in the struggle against shortcomings and unhealthy phenomena in the life and work of Party organizations it is necessary to add new points to the part of the Statutes dealing with the duties of Party members.

It should be noted that there are many Party members who adopt a formal, passive attitude toward carrying Party decisions into effect. This is a great evil, which the Party must combat resolutely, for such an attitude toward Party decisions on the part of Communists weakens the Party's effectiveness. The Statutes must provide that Party members must be active fighters for carrying out Party decisions and that a passive, formal attitude

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to Party decisions on the part of Communists is incompatible with membership in the Party.

Another evil which occurs in our Party is that some Communists wrongly assume that there can be two kinds of discipline in our Party, one for rank-and-file members and another for leaders. The Party cannot tolerate such a lordly, anti-Party conception of discipline. This evil must be vigorously extirpated, since it undermines Party and state discipline and thereby seriously damages the interests of the Party and the state. It is necessary to specify in the Statutes that our Party has one discipline, one law for all Communists, irrespective of their services and the offices they hold, and violation of Party and state discipline is incompatible with membership in the Party.

Also, it has been established that much harm is caused the Party by Communists who shout endlessly about their devotion to the Party but in practice do not permit criticism from below and suppress it. The Party has always attached tremendous importance to the development of self-criticism and especially criticism from below, to the disclosure of shortcomings in work and to the struggle against a show of well-being and against being carried away by successes in work. But experience shows that it is not enough merely to explain the importance of criticism. It is necessary to conduct a resolute struggle against those who block the development of criticism. Therefore the Statutes should specify that suppression of criticism is a grave evil and that he who muzzles criticism and supplants it with fanfare and bragging cannot be in the ranks of the Party.

In this connection it should be stated that some Communists hold the pernicious view that members of the Party should not report to the Party governing bodies, all the way up to the Central Committee, on faults in the work. Not infrequently one encounters instances in which responsible officials obstruct Communists from disclosing to Party governing bodies, to the Central Committee, an unsatisfactory state of affairs, on the grounds that this allegedly hinders them in their work. It is clear that the Party must conduct a merciless struggle against such dignitaries. The Statutes now state that a Party member has the right to address any statement to bodies at any level of the Party, all the way up to the Central Committee.

It is evident that this is not enough. The Statutes should specify that a Party member not only has the right but the duty to report to Party governing bodies, all the way up to the Central Committee, on faults in the work, irrespective of personalities; and, as for those who hinder a Party member from performing this duty, it is necessary to stipulate in the Statutes that such persons must be strictly punished as violators of the will of the Party.

Further, instances (which have become common among some Communists) of concealing the truth from the Party, of untruthful and dishonest conduct toward the Party, represent a great evil. It is clear that the Party cannot tolerate frauds in its ranks, since such people undermine confidence in the Party and morally corrupt the ranks of Communists. It is necessary to specify in the Statutes that untruthfulness to the Party on the part of a Communist and deception of the Party constitute very grave misdeeds and are incompatible with membership in the Party.

One also cannot overlook the fact that political heedlessness and carelessness and instances of divulging of Party and state secrets have become quite widespread among Communists. Political vigilance is obligatory for every Communist on every sector and in every situation. In this connection it is necessary to stipulate in the Statutes that a Party member is under obligation to keep Party and state secrets and that divulging them is a crime against the Party and incompatible with membership in its ranks.

Finally, it should be admitted that in many Party, Soviet and economic organizations a great evil is the defective approach in the selection of personnel, when this selection is made on the basis of friendship, personal loyalties, local allegiance or kinship. It is clear that such selection of personnel has nothing in common with the principles established by our party and damages the Party. It is necessary to specify in the Statutes the duty of Party members to carry out without fail the Party directives concerning correct selection of cadres on the basis of their political and working qualifications and to stipulate that violation of the directives is incompatible with membership in the Party.

In view of the above, it is necessary:

(1) To cast the provisions of the Statutes on the duties of Party members in its new wording. ... [Article 3 is quoted.]

(2) It is also necessary to make the following additions in the section of the Statutes entitled "The Party. Party Members, Their Duties and Rights:"

Include in the Statutes the following articles:

"11. The primary Party organization cannot adopt a resolution to exclude from the Party any Communist who is a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of a Union republic or a territory, province, region, city or district Party committee.

"The question of expelling a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of a Union republic or of a territory, province, region, city or district Party committee from membership in the committee or the Party is decided at a plenary session of the committee concerned by a two-thirds majority.

"12. The question of expelling a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from the Central Committee or from membership in the Party is decided by the Party Congress or, in the interval between Congresses, by a plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, by a two-thirds majority. A person expelled from the Central Committee is automatically replaced by a candidate for membership in the Central Committee in the order established by the Congress in electing candidates to the Central Committee."

4. On the Rights of Party Members. --The rights of Party members are somewhat limited and inexactly formulated in the present Statutes. It is necessary to replace Article 3 of the present Statutes with the following formulation. ... [Article 4 is quoted.

5. On Candidates for Party Membership. --A serious shortcoming in the work of Party organizations it is the fact that they do little to help candidates to prepare for membership in the Party and do not concern themselves with verification of their personal qualifications. The candidate stage is quite often turned into an empty formality and for a considerable number of candidates is stretched over many years. The Party cannot countenance this shortcoming. It is necessary to improve the Party organizations' work with candidates and also to raise the responsibility of the candidates themselves during their candidature.

In this connection it is necessary to make the following addition to the section of the Statutes entitled "Candidates for Party Membership:"

"The Party organization is obliged to help candidates to prepare to become Party members. On the expiration of the candidature, the Party organization must take up the question of the candidate's Party membership at a Party meeting.

"If the candidate has been unable to prove himself for reasons which the Party organization considers valid, the primary Party organization may prolong his candidature for a period not exceeding one year. In cases where it has become clear during the course of the candidature that in his personal qualifications the candidate is not worthy of admission to Party membership, the Party organization adopts a resolution to expel him from Party candidature."

6. On the Periods for Convocation of Party Congresses and Plenary Sessions of the Party Central Committee. --Experience shows that it is desirable to establish the following periods for convocation of Party Congresses and plenary sessions of the Party Central Committee:

Regular Congresses of the Party are called not less than once every four years.

Plenary sessions of the Party Central Committee are called not less than once every six months.

7. On All-Union Party Conferences. --Provisions concerning all-Union Party conferences are not included in the draft Statutes of the Party. In present conditions there is no need to convene all-Union Party conferences, since urgent questions of Party policy can be discussed at Party Congresses and at plenary sessions of the Central Committee.

8. On Reconstitution of the Politburo as the Presidium of the Party Central Committee. --It is appropriate to transform the Politburo into a Presidium of the Party Central Committee, or-

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ganized to direct the work of the Central Committee between plenary sessions, since the title "Presidium' better accords with the functions which the Politburo actually performs at the present time. As regards the current organizational work of the Central Committee, as practice has shown, it is appropriate to concentrate this work in one body, the Secretariat, in which connection there is to be no Orgburo of the Central Committee in the future.

In connection with this it is necessary to phrase Article 34 of the Statutes as follows:

"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union organizes a Presidium to direct the work of the Central Committee between plenary sessions and a Secretariat to direct current work, chiefly as concerns verification of the fulfillment of Party decisions and selection of cadres."

9. On Reorganization of the Party Control Commission Into the Party Control Committee Under the Party Central Committee. --For the purpose of enhancing the role of the Party Control Conmission in the struggle against violations of Party discipline and instances of unsatisfactory fulfillment by Communists of their duties, it is desirable to reorganize the Party Control Commission into a Party Control Committee under the Party Central Committee and to create in the localities the office of representatives of the Party Control Committee who are independent of the local Party bodies. The Party Control Committee is to be entrusted with verifying observance of Party discipline by Party members and candidates, calls to account Communists guilty of violating the Party Program and Statutes or Party ethics and examines appeals against decisions of the Central Committees of the Communist Parties of Union republics and territory and province Party committees concerning expulsion from the Party and Party disciplinary measures.

Proceeding from the above, it is necessary to rephrase Article 35 of the Statutes . . . [The article is quoted.]

10. On the Apparatus of the Party Central Committee and Local Party Bodies. --As experience has shown, the structure of the Party apparatus is subject to changes depending on the situation and concrete conditions. In view of this it is appropriate to refrain from defining in the Statutes precisely the sections and departments to be organized in the Party Central Committee and the local Party bodies.

11. On More Precise Stipulation of the Tasks of Local Party Organizations. --As experience has shown, the tasks and functions of the local Party organizations are not fully reflected in the Party Statutes. It is necessary in this connection to supplement the points of the Statutes defining the tasks of the local Party organizations with a statement to the effect that the Central Committees of the Communist Parties of the Union republics, the territory committees, province committees, region committees, city committees and district committees ensure undeviating fulfillment of Party directives and direct the activity of the local Soviet and public organizations through the Party groups in them. It is necessary to reflect in the Statutes the tasks of the Party organizations in expanding Party criticism and self-criticism and in training Communists in an uncompromising attitude toward shortcomings in the work of the Party and the state. The Statutes must also set before the Party organizations such important tasks as the communist training of the working people and guidance of the study of Marxism-Leninism by Party members and candidates, bearing in mind especially that propaganda of Marxism-Leninism is still organized unsatisfactorily.

Further, for more efficient handling of current questions and better organization of checkup on fulfillment of decisions, it is necessary to provide in the Statutes that Secretariats be set up in the Central Committees of the Communist Parties of Union republics, territory committees and province committees. In order to prevent the Secretariats supplanting the bureaus of the province committees, territory committees and Central Committees of Communist Parties of Union republics, the number of secretaries should be reduced to three and the Secretariats should be directed to report the decisions adopted by them to the bureau of the province committee, territory committee or Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Union republic, respectively.

Finally, for the purpose of promptly remedying deficiencies in the work of local Party organizations and also to ensure consideration of successful experience in their work, it is necessary to direct the province committees, territory committees and Central Committees of the Communist Parties of Union republics to keep the Central Committee of the Party regularly informed and, at specified times, to submit to the Central Committee reports on their activity.

Proceeding from the above, it is necessary to introduce the following additions and changes into the sections of the Statutes dealing with the Party organizations:

(1) Add to the articles of the Party Statutes concerning the duties of local Party bodies and primary Party organizations statements to the effect that they see to undeviating fulfillment of the Party's directives, to development of criticism and selfcriticism and educating Communists in an uncompromising attitude to shortcomings, direct the study of Marxism-Leninism by Party members and candidates, organize the political education of Party members and candidates and see that they acquire the obligatory minimum of knowledge in MarxismLeninism, organize the work of communist training of the working people, and direct the activity of the local Soviet and public organizations through the Party groups in them.

(2) Add the following to Article 42 of the Statutes concerning governing bodies of the local Party committees:

"In the province and territory and the Communist Party Central Committees of the Union republics, Secretariats are formed to handle current questions and check on fulfillment. The Secretariat reports to the bureau of the province committee, territory committee, or Party Central Committee of the Union republic on the decisions adopted." It should be specified in this same point that the province and territory committees and Central Committees of the Union republic Communist Parties have three secretaries.

(3) Article 43 of the Statutes, should be supplemented with a statement that the province or territory committee or Central Committee of a Union republic Communist Party keeps the Central Committee of the Party regularly informed and submits reports on its activity to the Central Committee at specified times.

12. Periods for Calling Plenary Sessions. --It is desirable to make provision in the Party Statutes for the following schedules for calling plenary sessions of the Central Committees of the Union republic Communist Parties and territory, province, region, city and district Party committees: plenary sessions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of a Union republic, territory committee or province Party committee are convened not less than once in two months; plenary sessions of a region Party committee are convened not less than once in a month and a half; plenary sessions of a city or district Party committee are convened not less than once a month.

13. Membership Dues of Party Members and Candidates. --It is necessary to make provision in the Statutes for reducing the amount of the membership dues paid monthly by Party members and candidates, and in this connection to rephrase Articles 70 and 71 of the Statutes. ... [They are quoted.]

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III. DISCUSSION PRECEDING THE CONGRESS

[Throughout the period preceding the congress the So-

viet press carried numerous articles and reports

dealing with preparations for the Congress -- pledges of

increased output in honor of the Congress, accounts of

meetings to study the draft materials, reports of Party

Congresses and conferences in the various republics

and provinces, etc., as well as letters discussing the

revised Statutes and draft five-year plan. Below is a

small part of the material of this kind which was

translated in the Current Digest, and the next chapter

contains fairly full reports of republic Party Congresses.

In the limited space available, only a sampling can be

offered of the reports of lesser Party sessions and

meetings and of the discussion in the press. The pattern

of most of this material -- except for discussion of five-

year plan details -- is so repetitious, however, that even

a small selection provides a fair sampling. --Editor.]

Meetings

SERVICEMEN STUDY HISTORIC DOCUMENTS. (By Lt. Col. M. Ivanov. Krasnaya zvesda, Aug. 22, p. 1. 700 words. Condensed text:) Like the entire Soviet people, the soldiers, noncommissioned officers and officers of N unit greeted with tremendous enthusiasm the news of the convocation of the 19th Party Congress. On that day the mailmen delivered newspapers to the units more promptly than usual. They realized that the documents printed in them were of exceptional importance and that each serviceman was awaiting them impatiently. ...

On the very first day the deputy commanders for political affairs in all units conducted with the soldiers and noncommissioned officers readings of the draft directives on the fiveyear plan. Next morning company commanders personally imparted to the personnel of their units political reports devoted to the historic Party Central Committee documents on the Congress. After receiving detailed instruction, platoon agitators joined in the work. All servicemen, from senior commanders to ordinary privates, are living now with a great and important event in the life of our country -- the preparations for the forthcoming 19th Congress of the great party of Lenin and Stalin.

COMMUNISTS UNANIMOUSLY APPROVE MATERIALS OF 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. -- At Meeting of Party Organization of Leningrad Tire Plant. (By Staff Correspondent M. Kurtynin. Pravda, Sept. p. 2. 1300 words. Condensed text:) The factory Party meeting of the Leningrad State Tire Plant lasted two days. The agenda consisted of discussion of the 19th Party Congress draft directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan and discussion of the draft revised Party Statutes. ...

Communist Ivanov spoke at the meeting about the unanimous approval by the workers and employees of the Congress draft directives on the new five-year plan. He proposed the introduction into Part III of the draft directives of a point stipulating augmentation of the output of dual-axle freight cars and containers for the transportation of small consignments of freight and proposed that the output of barges with a capacity of three or four cars be increased for the river fleet.

Comrade Ivanov reinforced his proposal with arguments. In addition, Comrade Ivanov advocated that the draft five-year plan should state the necessity of state standardization of packing for the shipping of ready-made commodities. The absence of such standards when manufacturing packing cases leads to big waste of materials and funds; moreover, they are manufactured without sufficient concern for convenience and attractiveness.

Communist Smailovsky, a senior engineer of the technical department, noted in his speech that the draft directives of the Congress quite rightly envisage the introduction of universal polytechnical instruction, which will have a future fruitful effect on the training of skilled personnel. At the same time all conditions are being created in our country for young workers to obtain secondary education via the existing network of evening schools for working youth. "It is necessary," Comrade Smailovsky said; "for the draft directives on the new five-year plan to set forth how many youths are to be embraced by the evening schools. Finally, it is desirable that the academic program in them should not copy the ordinary schools of the Ministry of Education but should be drawn up in conformity with the conditions in which the students of schools for working youth live. ...

The meeting unanimously approved the draft directives for the five-year plan. ...

The Communists discussed in just as active and business-

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like a manner the second item on the agenda of the meeting -the draft text of the revised Party Statutes. ...

Comrade Vasilyev, a roller, proposed that the rights of a Party member should be somewhat extended. "Owing to present-day interfactory relations," he said, "many of our Communists are often away on business trips for a long time. In this period they are completely severed from Party life. It is necessary for a Communist who is on a business trip or on leave to have the right to participate with a consultative vote in meetings of the local Party organization."

Comrade Lavrenov, head of the shift of the automobile-frame shop and secretary of the shop Party organization, considered that the same penalty measures should apply to Communists who do not pay their membership dues in full as apply to those who do not pay their dues at all. Comrade Lavrenov went on to introduce the proposal that Article 3 of the Party Statues, which expounds the duties of a Communist, should be supplemented with the words: "Unworthy behavior of a Communist on the production line in incompatible with membership in the Party." ...

In a resolution the Party meeting unanimously approved the draft revised Party Statutes and directed the Party bureau to communicate all the comments and proposals expressed by the Communists to higher Party bodies.

PARTY CONFERENCE DISCUSSES MATERIALS OF 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. -- At Party Conference in Railroad Borough, Moscow. ( Pravda, Sept. 1, p. 2. 2200 words. Summary.) The Railroad Borough Party conference, which ended Aug. 30, was marked by a high ideological and political level, great activeness in the discussion and bold Bolshevist criticism of shortcomings in work.

Comrade Lesteva, Secretary of the Railroad Borough Party Committee, reported on the five-year plan draft directives. Delegates' speeches emphasized the fact that, when carried out, the plan will be a great contribution by the Soviet people to strengthening the homeland and a major step along the road to communism.

The conference directed the Party, trade union and economic organizations to guide the socialist competition that has developed in honor of the 19th Party Congress.

Comrade Korotkov, secretary of the borough Party combine, reported on the draft of the revised Party Statutes. He pointed out that it reflects the changes in recent years in the life of the Party.

Comrade Voronin, secretary of the Party committee of the Ministry of the Building Materials Industry, offered comments on the draft. In particular, he held it inexpedient to hold plenary sessions of city and district Party committees once a month. In practice, he said, this may result in taking up a good half of the working time of Party functionaries with preparation for plenary sessions. They will have less time to spend in the primary Party organizations. Plenary sessions of city and district committees, he said, should continue to be called once every six weeks.

Comrade Borisov, a delegate to the conference, disagreed with this. He said that the schedules envisaged by the draft are suggested by life itself. More frequent convening of plenary sessions of city and district committees will promote improvement in the work of the Party apparatus and strengthening of its ties with the Party units. At the same time, Comrade Borisov held that the report-and-election meetings in the primary Party units and district Party conferences should be held not annually, as envisaged by the draft, but every six months.

The conference unanimously adopted a resolution approving the draft revised Party Statutes. The conference directed the Party organizations to launch wide discussion of the draft Statutes by all Party members and candidates. The borough committee was instructed to communicate to higher Party bodies all comments and suggestions on the draft of the revised Party Statutes.

Party Life: ACTIVE DISCUSSION OF MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. -- At Stalin Borough Party Conference, Leningrad. (By Staff Correspondent M. Kurtynin. Pravda, Sept. 8, p. 2. 1400 words. Condensed text:) Leningrad -- A Party conference was hold in Stalin Borough, Leningrad.

The Party organization of the Vyborg Side -- now Stalin Borough-- is one of the largest in Leningrad. ...

A profound and concrete discussion took place at the conference of the draft of the new five-year plan. Practical suggestions and comments on the draft were made and several pressing questions on the development of the country's economy raised.

Comrade Martyanov, manager of the Red Dawn Factory, dwelt on the training of cadres for the communications industry and for research work in that field. He said that the rapidly developing communications industry now has great need for cadres. The existing Electrotechnical Communications and Signal Communications Institutes do not meet the demand for workers.

The speaker said in conclusion, "I consider it imperative that a special institute be set up in Leningrad or some other city to train designers and technologists for the communications Industry."

Prof. Kuzmin, delegate from the M. I. Kalinin Polytechnical Institute's Party organization, spoke of the expediency of setting up a branch of industry to make furnaces for ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy. He said that the iron and steel furnaces consume 60% of all fuel used. But very often the coefficient of the furnaces' efficiency is not as high as science has shown to be possible. This occurs because we still permit a great deal of crude workmanship; furnaces are not always built in accord with the high standards of contemporary technology.

Comrade Kuzmin further pointed out that a lack of technical equipment in higher educational institutions' laboratories hampers the training of specialists. These laboratories do not have new machines or up-to-date equipment. The time has come to supply them with efficient equipment.

Other important questions concerning the draft five-year plan were raised. ...

Conference delegates also took a constructive and active part in a discussion of the revised draft Party Statutes. ...

Delegate Comrade Uzin agreed with the opinion expressed in the press on the need for adding to the Party Statutes' definition of Communist conduct in everyday life; in the family and among friends. Comrade Aristarkhov, Party organizer for the Party Central Committee at the Karl Marx Factory, spoke of the importance of more intensive work on the communist education of the younger generation. The Statutes should emphasize more strongly the responsibility of Party organizations for guidance of the Young Communist League. ...

It was also stated that it would be expedient for the term of office of the primary Party organization bureaus to be extended to two years and that Party committee plenary sessions should convene not once a month as the draft provides but not less than once every two months.

Delegate Comrade Zhivago proposed that a clause be added to the Statutes stating that the Hymn of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is the "Internationale."

The delegates commented on several other proposals in the draft Statutes and on articles published in the press.

The Party conference unanimously approved the revised draft Party Statutes and outlined practical measures for further discussion of them by all Communists of the borough.

The conference delegates evaluated the borough Party committee's work in their speeches and sharply criticized its shortcomings in economic and ideological work in the light of the new, heightened tasks presented by the Congress materials. The speaker, secretary of the district Party committee Comrade Polyakov, and the delegates taking part in the discussion noted that the borough Party organization had achieved considerable success in directing economic and cultural work. Borough enterprises overfulfilled their plan last year and are working successfully this year. Large-scale housing construction is being carried out, gas is being installed, and the entire communal economy of the borough is being improved.

However, serious shortcomings in the borough committee's guidance work were disclosed. It was pointed out that the committee had passed resolutions without supporting them by the necessary organizational work. Checkup on fulfillment was inadequate. As a result, many resolutions were not carried out.

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Participants in the conference criticized the borough Party committee for neglecting necessary work with primary Party organization secretaries and not helping them enough with their work. This has led to a large turnover of primary Party organization officials. Suffice it to say that at report-and-election meetings secretaries were replaced in 117 Party organizations.

The conference directed the borough Party committee to strengthen its ties with primary Party organizations and improve its checkup on fulfillment of Party resolutions. The resolution passed by the conference states that this will enable the borough Party committee to see events more clearly and analyze them more profoundly, raising the level of Party organizational and political work.

With tremendous enthusiasm the conference adopted greetings to the great leader and teacher Comrade J. V. Stalin.

At Party Conferences: RAISE LEVEL OF IDEOLOGICAL WORK. (By A. Chernichenko and A. Ryaboklyach. Pravda, Sept. 3, p. 2. 1400 words. Condensed text:) In his report to the Kiev city Party conference Comrade Sinitsy, secretary of the city Party committee, noted that Party organizational and political work in enterprises, institutions and educational establishments has been improved of late. On this basis the city Party organization has scored considerable successes In economic and cultural construction. ...

The delegates stressed in their speeches that the 19th Congress draft directives on the five-year plan open up wide prospects for further development in all branches of the country's economy. ...

Much attention was devoted to questions of ideological work. A year ago the central press brought to light serious bourgeois-nationalist errors and distortions in the work of a number of Ukraine artists' organizations. The conference noted that the city Party organization had taken some steps toward eliminating these defects. ...

But the delegates rightly pointed out that this was only the beginning of a big job. Many flaws still exist in the work of the Party organization of the Writers' Union. There are still many defects in the work of the theater, the opera and the ballet, where until recently the Russian classical repertoire has been ignored and the writing of Soviet operas but feebly encouraged. ...

In a number of the city's higher educational institutions teaching standards in the social sciences fail to measure up to demands. It was pointed out that formalism and the doctrinaire approach still occur in lectures at the university and in polytechnic and pedagogical institutes. The Party organizations do not yet delve deeply enough into the work of the social science departments and exercise weak control over the ideological content of seminars. With the connivance of certain Party organizations, many instructors are not working to improve their Marxist-Leninist training and academic qualifications. ...

Relapses into bourgeois nationalism and cosmopolitanism are still visible in the work of the Institute of Literature. For example, in the fourth volume of Kotsyubinsky's works, published under the editorship of S. Kryzhanovsky, materials are included which distort the writer's true meaning. In the fifth volume of Kotlyarevsky's works, which came out under the editorship of the institute's director, A. Beletsky, works were included which do not express the author's views and which were not certainly written by Kotlyarevsky. Those responsible for publishing the works of Stefannik -Grudnitskaya, Kryzhanovsky, Kurilenko and the above-mentioned Beletsky -- have included material in which the names of bourgeois nationalists, mortal enemies of the Ukrainian people, are mentioned with approval. ...

The delegates pointed out that responsibility for all these defects and errors in ideological work is shared by the city Party committee, and especially its department of propaganda and agitation and its secretary, Comrade Pidtychenko. Participants in the conference also criticized the city committee for devoting little attention to the secondary schools and not genuinely striving to improve cultural services to the working people, especially those living on the outskirts of the city. ...

The delegates criticized the Kiev Province Party Committee and departments of the Ukraine Party Central Committee. Certain republic ministries and departments were sharply criticized.

Comrade L. G. Melnikov, Secretary of the Ukraine Party Central Committee, spoke at the conference.

A comprehensive resolution on the city committee's report was passed. The conference elected a new city committee and inspection commission. Greetings to Comrade J. V. Stalin were dispatched with great enthusiasm.

The Discussion

FIVE-YEAR PLAN

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. ( Pravda, Sept. 4, p. 3. 5000 words. Excerpts:) From the Editors -In accordance with the decision of the Party Central Committee the editors of Pravda have established a special section entitled "Materials for 19th Party Congress." Articles and remarks by comrades on the questions on the Congress agenda will be printed on this page. At the present time the editors are receiving articles, notes and letters containing suggestions and comments on the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan for development of the U.S.S.R., 1951-1955, and on the draft text of the revised Party Statutes.

Today Pravda publishes a part of the materials for the 19th Party Congress which have been received by the editors.

Make Fuller Use of Equipment in Ferrous Metallurgy. (By S. Yakimenko, foundryman at the Zaporozhye Steel Mill.) --... In ferrous metallurgy there are large production reserves in using equipment in the most correct and highly productive way. I take as an example the open-hearth furnace shop of the Zaporozhye Steel Mill, where I work. Last year our shop gave the country 15% more steel than in 1950. In eight months of this year the rate of growth of steel smelting in the shop is no lower than last year's. And this without putting new openhearth furnaces into operation!

But can it be said that the productive potentials in our shop section have been exhausted? No. We have such potentials, and even now they are great. This is eloquently shown by the work indices of many foundrymen. Take our brigade, for example. In eight months of this year we produced 15,000 tons more metal than the other open-hearth furnaces did on the average. In August we outstripped the average indices by nearly 5000 tons. And we were working under the same conditions as other brigades. ...

What has been said here about our shop and mill applies to many metallurgical enterprises. And this gives grounds for thinking that the tempos of metal production projected in the five-year plan can not only be successfully achieved but also surpassed. Industrial executives, local Party organizations and the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy must manage more concretely the work of individual enterprises and support innovators more solicitously in their efforts to reveal and make fuller use of production capacity.

Expand Amelioration Work in Every Way. (By Prof. M. Matsepuro.) Minsk -- The draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan reveal splendid prospects for a mighty new upsurge in all branches of the economy of our country. This historic document is of exceptional importance to the working people of Belorussia. It envisages the solving of one of the most important and fundamental problems of the socialist economy of the republic -- the draining of the Belorussian marshes, and especially those of the Polessie lowland. ...

It should be said that the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Agriculture and the republic agricultural organizations view with extreme in-

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difference the planning of amelioration work and do not get rid of the primitive methods prevailing.

The draining and development of marshland is being further impeded by the shortage of skilled amelioration and machineoperating personnel and by the inefficient placement and utilization of them. Although substantial work has been done recently in the republic to train engineers, machine operators, hydrotechnicians and other specialists, there is still a shortage of these in almost all regions of the republic. Under the new five-year plan it is necessary to expand more widely the training of amelioration personnel.

Serious alarm is caused by the fact that in many regions there is a long interval between the draining and developing of marshland. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. --On Certain Electrification Problems. (By Prof. G. Petrov of the V. M. Molotov Energetics Institute, Moscow. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 3. 1600-words. Condensed text:) ... The vast program of power development outlined in the draft directives on the Fifth FiveYear Plan can be carried out through extensive introduction of completely mechanized construction work and through the use of high-speed building and installation methods. This confronts Soviet scientists, planners and all industrial personnel with new and responsible tasks in connection with further improving construction principles and with the use of progressive building methods.

It is very important to determine the best methods of manufacturing and installing complex power generating and electrical equipment for power stations, grids and industrial enterprises. Soviet industry must produce and employ machinery which is unrivaled in capacity and size, including hydroelectric generators and turbines for the Volga power stations with a capacity of more than 100,000 kilowatts, threephase transformers with a capacity of 370,000 kilowatts, switches with a capacity of 400 kilowatts and breaking capacity of 10,000,000 kilovolt-amperes, steam turbines and turbogenerators with a capacity of 150,000 kilowatts and operating at 3000 revolutions per minute, thermal equipment for power stations operated on superheated steam at pressures up to 175 atmospheres and temperatures up to 550 degrees [C. and other unrivaled equipment.

Manufacturing such equipment is a new and very complicated technical task. It is therefore desirable to supplement to some extent some of the statements in the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan. It would be worth while, in my opinion, if Section 10 of Part I of the directives were to indicate specifically the power equipment which our machine-building industry must produce.

Soviet power engineers must solve an important group of questions involved in transmitting electric power over great distances by alternating and direct high-voltage current. Very important tasks are also set by the building of combined central heat and power plants and networks for widespread heating of cities and enterprises.

Some scientific and technical problems are still to be solved, however. I recommend that Point (6) of Section I of the draft directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan indicate the need for increasing research in power engineering, primarily on such complex problems as the transmission of electric power over great distances, the development of practical heating methods, the combined production of electric power and heat at hydroelectric generating stations, etc.

In the next few years we will introduce automatic processes on a broad scale at power plants, complete the 100% automatization of district hydroelectric stations and begin introducing telemechanization of hydroelectric stations and substations in the Uzbek and Moscow power systems. Most work still lies in the future, however, for the task consists, in addition to complex automatization of hydroelectric stations, of simultaneously preparing to introduce such automatization at all fuel-operated power plants in the country. Therefore Section 6 of Part I of the draft directives should be supplemented by instructions to the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Power Plants to increase considerably the use of automatic equipment at fuel-operated power plants.

The vigorous development of power engineering provided by the draft directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan will create the necessary conditions for even greater electrification of all branches of industry, agriculture and transportation. The introduction of automatic electrical equipment is of special importance in controlling power machinery and aggregates. This will considerably increase the productive use of machinery and the quality of output and will lower the amount of rejects. That is why Section 10 of Part I of the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan should include a supplement to the effect that high-speed production methods based on the use of electric power must be broadly disseminated in our industry. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. --For Complex Development of the Economy. (By I. Grishin, Secretary of the Stalingrad Province Party Committee. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 3. 1500 words. Condensed text:) Stalingrad -- ... The measures outlined in the draft directives will foster the rapid development of production capacity in the great construction project areas. However, matters relating to the construction and opening of the great hydrotechnical installations and to the vast perspectives for developing all branches of the national economy in the area of the great projects are so important and thrilling that I believe they should be mentioned morefully in the directives on the Fifth FiveYear Plan. ...

The accelerated schedules for building and opening the mighty hydroelectric stations, canals and irrigation systems are already giving rise to a tremendous amount of work in preparation for the operation and fullest possible utilization of the hydrotechnical installations, in solving a number of problems vital to the development of production capacities in the areas affected by the great projects. The example of Stalingrad Province shows, however, that there are still many serious shortcomings in this important work.

The V. I. Lenin Volga-Don Navigation Canal, the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station and Volga-Ural Trunk Canal provide extremely favorable conditions for further developing production capacity over a tremendous area. ... Local Party, Soviet and economic organizations, as well as the ministries and scientific institutions concerned, and especially the U.S.S.R. State Planning Committee, must give prompt attention to drawing up a master plan for developing the economy of areas in the southeastern part of the country. Advance consideration must be given to correct and complete use of all the favorable opportunities being created here for increasing industrial and agricultural output.

Unfortunately, these questions do not greatly worry the U.S.S.R. State Planning Committee and the ministries involved in building enterprises in the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station area. Sometimes new enterprises are set up without a real economic need for them because conditions for developing industry here have not been carefully studied in advance by the proper planning and research institutions. Serious mistakes are tolerated in the use made of irrigated land in the VolgaDon Navigation Canal area. The U.S.S.R. Ministries of Agriculture, State Farms and Cotton Growing are to blame for this because they were slow in planning the steps necessary for rapid utilization of irrigated land.

Twenty-five thousand hectares of land are due to be irrigated in the Volga-Don Navigation Canal area of Stalingrad Province in 1953, and vigorous work is now in progress to build irrigation canals. However, the high-voltage lines from Tsimlyanskaya Power Station to supply the pumping stations on the new irrigation systems have not yet been installed. The U.S.S.R. Ministries of Agriculture and Power Plants seem unable to agree on joint action and schedules. Nor can it be considered natural that, because of mistakes made by certain Union ministries and by the U.S.S.R. State Planning Committee, various branches of the national economy have developed unevenly in the southeastern areas, particularly in Stalingrad Province.

The construction of the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station depends upon a tremendous amount of various building materials. However, there are serious interruptions already in the supply of these materials to the project. Railroad transport in the province is developing slowly. The capacity of the Stalingrad Railroad obviously cannot meet the project's constantly growing need for materials. The ferry railroad crossing in

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Stalingrad District operates especially poorly. Province organizations have more than once confronted the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Railroads and State Planning Committee with the problem of eliminating the lag in development of railroad transportation, but the ministry and State Planning Committee do not pay proper heed to the reports and recommendations of local organizations. ...

In connection with the building of the Volga-Don and Stalingrad Hydroelectric Stations a grave disproportion has also been noted between the demand and supply of local building materials, chiefly brick. New brick works are being built very slowly in the city. Some organizations, including the U.S.S.R. and Russian Republic Ministries of the Building Materials Industry, are not taking appropriate measures for hastening the building of brick works. ...

It is also necessary to set up a special agency to direct work to exploit irrigated land in the area of the great canals and power stations being built on the Volga, in Turkmenia, the Crimea and the Ukraine. Plans call for irrigating and bringing water to more than 28,000,000 hectares of land in six to eight years. This is a major task and cannot be dealt with casually as the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Agriculture is now doing.

In view of the tremendous economic importance of the reclamation project in the southeast it in necessary, in my opinion, to define more concretely in the 19th Party Congress' directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan the tasks of ministries involved and of the U.S.S.R. State Planning Committee in relation to this area. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. --Problems of Collective Farm Life That Require Solution. (By P. Azhirkov, Chairman of Fighter Collective Farm, Bronnitsy District, Moscow Province. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 3. 750 words. Condensed texl:) ... I recommend that Part II of the draft directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan be supplemented by a statement that the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Agriculture's Council on Collective Farm Affairs and the local Party and Soviet organizations should improve their supervision of collective farm work and make a more thorough study of advanced experience and broadly disseminate it. ...

The Ministry of Agriculture has a Chief Farm Propaganda Administration, but if one were to ask a collective farm chairman if he has heard of it he would unfortunately reply in the negative. ... We collective farm chairmen also have criticisms to level at the Council on Collective Farm Affairs. The Party and government have given it the responsible task of improving the Collective Farm Statutes on the basis of recommendations by collective farm workers, of working out measures for systematically expanding the communal economy of the collective farms and rewarding collective farms which honestly and conscientiously fulfill their obligations to the state.

Six years have passed since these tasks were formulated. During this period the council has done a certain amount of work to combat violations of the Collective Farm Statutes, to protect collective farm land and property from pilfering. Naturally, it is a matter of exceptional importance to guard the communal sector of the collective farms. At the same time, however, other questions of collective farm life must not be overlooked. Take the matter of rewarding leading collective farms. There is no system of incentives for them to this day and, what is more, local agencies sometimes require the leading collective farms to fulfill the grain and other quotas of lagging collective farms.

The council has a department for generalizing advanced experience, on recommendation of which the council's Presidium has heard reports by leading collective farm chairmen. Unfortunately, we collective farm chairmen learn about this by accident because the results of discussion and the resolutions adopted are not brought to the attention of the collective farms. Many experienced collective farm chairmen are members of the council. According to established procedure, the council's Presidium should call plenary sessions of the council not less than once every three months in order to discuss pressing questions. I do not know whether these sessions are called, but in any event the collective farm chairmen know nothing about them. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. --Make More Precise Certain Provisions on Polytechnical Training. (By S. Shabalov, Doctoral Candidate in the Russian Republic Academy of Pedagogical Sciences. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 3. 1200 words. Condensed text:) The draft directives of the 19th Party Congress provide for introducing polytechnical education in the secondary schools and for measures necessary for the transition to general polytechnical education. ... In our opinion, however, the text of the point on polytechnical education is unclear on certain matters and might give rise to arbitrary interpretations of the essence of the subject. ...

The planned introduction of compulsory polytechnical education can only be construed as a broad nationwide program applying not only to the secondary schools but also to the educational institutions of the labor reserves, to the trade schools of all other agencies and to the system of part-time technical education for employed persons, and not only to the school system but also to extracurricular forms of mass cultural work with the public.

The text of the draft directives implies, however, that general polytechnical education is to be offered only by the general education schools or, if by other institutions also, then apparently to serve the needs and purposes of developing the secondary schools, inasmuch as the draft mentions no other media for preparing for and offering general polytechnical education.

Can it be that general polytechnical education will have no bearing on the system of vocational training and that the general education school alone will handle the entire task?

Two opposite and equally incorrect views have been advanced in our literature on this issue. One is that polytechnical education is solely the concern of the general education school and that the trade school is the antithesis of the polytechnical school and cannot carry out tasks of this nature. The opponents of polytechnical elements in the trade schools find support in A. Leontyev article "'The Communist Manifesto' and the Two Phases of Communism," printed in Bolshevik, No. 14, 1948. This article treats all views of questions of polytechnical education which bear on personnel training as theories advanced by petty bourgeois obscurantists.

The opposite stand was taken by the magazine Voprosy filosofii in the article by M. Sidorov, a member of the editorial board, entitled A False Stand" and printed in No. 3, 1952. * According to this article polytechnical education is not the responsibility of the general education school. This matter is resolved by the system of part-time education of employed persons, by the training of workers in the labor reserves system and by instruction in the technical schools, in higher educational institutions and in all sorts of vocational courses. This view states that general education has nothing in common with polytechnical education.

Both these views are incorrect. Lenin held that the contrasting of "polytechnical " and "monotechnical" (vocational) education was monstrously stupid and inadmissible. ...

I believe our trade schools are already prepared to take a number of immediate steps toward polytechnical education and that they are no less prepared for this task than the general education schools. Both branches of education can solve the same problem, but each in its own way, in accordance with its own specific nature and its own specific resources.

Hence I believe that the directives should formulate the tasks involved in shifting to polytechnical education during the present five-year period and should formulate them for the trade schools as well. ...

INCREASE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS. (By G. Sukharev, Russian Republic Minister of the Building Materials Industry. Izvestia, Sept. 17, p. 2. 1700 words. Excerpts:) The draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan show that building materials production is due to surpass the rate of output of many other kinds of industrial products. In addition to an over-all increase of at least 100% in the output of basic building materials during the five-year period, the output of cement, bricks, state and polished glass is to be increased to an even greater degree.

Solution of these tasks must be based on major qualitative

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*          Current Digest of the Soviet Press, Vol. IV, No. 35, pp. 6-8.

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changes in the work of the building materials industry, on mechanization and automatization of production processes and on extensive introduction of new machinery and of the progressive experience of innovators. Plans call for ensuring an output of more than 2,600,000,000 bricks, 700,000 tons of lime and 200,000 tons of plaster during the five-year period solely by remodeling existing enterprises, installing new equipment, introducing mechanization, speeding production and improving technical processes at factories of the ministry.

Silicate brick production is being organized on a large scale in our country. Factories of the Russian Republic Ministry of the Building Materials Industry are now producing four times as many bricks as in 1940, and the capacity of existing silicate brick facilities will be increased approximately 80% during the current five-year plan. Mechanized brick works will be completed in a number of provinces and territories of the Russian Republic in 1952. New factories are being built for ceramic blocks and hollow bricks, with gas-fed tunnel ovens. These enterprises will produce various types of high-quality ceramic building materials: drain pipe, facing tile, etc. ...

Many provinces, territories and autonomous republics of the Russian Republic possess large unexploited reserves for increasing the output of building materials and broadening the assortment of goods produced. The Russian Republic Ministry of the Building Materials Industry and the province organizations must discover and make extensive use of these reserves. ...

INLAND SHIPPING IN THE NEW FIVE-YEAR PLAN. (By Z. Shashkov, U.S.S.R. Minister of Inland Shipping. Izvestia, Sept. 18, p. 2. 1900 words. Condensed text:) The draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan open up vast new perspectives for our country. Together with the tremendous growth of the entire national economy, a high rate of further development is envisaged for navigation on the country's lakes and rivers. In 1955 the volume of inland shipping is to be 75% to 80% greater than in 1950. ...

One of the most common types of inland shipping cargo is lumber. The lumber industry is not meeting the growing demands of the national economy, and its failure to fulfill lumber delivery plans in turn affects fulfillment of assignments in hauling lumber by water. This year, for example, the U.S.S.R. Ministry of the Lumber Industry, the main shipper of lumber by water, had turned over to the river fleet by Sept. 1 about 13% less than the planned amount of lumber cargo for raft transport. This situation has created a danger of nonfulfillment of the freight shipments plan by a number of navigation lines and by the Ministry of Inland Shipping as a whole. ...

Unfortunately, certain officials of the Ministry of Railroads and of its local agencies continue to underestimate the full importance of combined rail and water shipments. They often fail to heed the just demands of inland shipping personnel, which are directed toward improving and developing this important service. A number of railroads consistently fail to fulfill the plans set for hauling freight cars to ports or for transferring freight to water-borne carriers. ...

Inland shipping personnel face the major task of rapidly increasing the speed of freight shipments via the V. I. Lenin Volga-Don Navigation Canal. Construction of the port of UstDonetsk, one of the largest in the U.S.S.R., is to be completed in 1954 to handle large amounts of coal from the Donets Basin and lumber from the Urals. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. --Overcome Lag in Printing and Publishing. (By Printing Engineers N. Mishustin and N. Sinyakov and Stalin Prize-Winner Printing Engineers V. Lapatukhin and V. Kolchanov. Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 3. 950 words. Condensed text:) ... Thanks to the concern of the Communist Party, newspapers, magazines and books are produced on a large scale in our country. More than 14,000,000,000 copies of books have been published during the Soviet regime.

However, the printing and publishing industry lags far behind the scope of cultural work in our country in terms of capacity and technical equipment and by no means meets the Soviet people's requirements for newspapers, magazines, books and reproductions. Not enough publications are produced and there is often a delay of four, six or more months in book printing.

Color printing is poorly developed and low in quality, and typography, especially of local newspapers, is still poor. ...

It is our opinion that the draft directives...should make separate mention of the problem of increasing the production of paper for the Soviet press. Section 46 of the draft directives in their present form mentions an over-all increase in paper production. Such an increase is insufficient for printing grades of paper. It is our opinion that fulfillment of the cultural goals outlined in the new five-year plan will necessitate approximately double the output of paper for the press (books, magazines and newspapers). ... The variety and quality of paper for books, magazines and newspapers do not satisfy the printing and publishing trades. ...

We recommend that the directives...make special provision for developing the output of paper of all grades for the press...

Fulfillment of the tasks of developing printing and publishing and improving the quality of printing and publishing work poses the pressing problem of establishing a scientific and technical press center. It is our opinion that such a center could take the form of a large printing and publishing combine with the most modern equipment. Such a combine would be the chief center for scientific research and technical work in the printing and publishing field. Hence we recommend that provision be made for building a large printing and publishing combine in Moscow, the capital of our homeland, during the five-year plan.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH CONGRESS. --More Attention to Construction and Planning of Cities. (By Architects K. Ivanov and P. Semyonov and Construction Engineer V. Tsingalyonok. Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 3. 1200 words. Condensed text:) ... A tremendous amount of work has been done in further building our cities since the war. It is well known that more than 100,000,000 square meters of housing were built or renovated in cities and workers' settlements during the Fourth Five-Year Plan alone and that millions more square meters were completed in, 1951 and the first half of 1952. ... At the same time it must be frankly admitted that the restoration and construction of many cities are proceeding very slowly and that they suffer serious shortcomings. This is especially true of Velikiye Luki, Vyazma and Smolensk and to some extent Voronezh, Kursk, Pskov and Orel. ... It is therefore desirable that Section 3 of Part IV of the draft directives stipulate the need for more work on the building and planning of cities, with special attention to improving the quality of city building. Mention should be made in this section of the task of rapid and complete restoration and further development of the 15 ancient Russian cities of Smolensk, Vyazma, Rostev-on-Don, Novorossiisk, Pskov, Sevastopol, Voronezh, Novgorod, Velikiye Luki, Kalinin, Bryansk, Orel, Kursk, Krasnodar and Murmansk.

Mention must also be made of shortcomings in the construction of many cities, both old and new. Construction work in Chelyabinsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, Kuibyshev and Molotov is mainly in the outskirts and consists largely of low buildings, causing an unnecessary increase in the over-all area of these cities, increased building costs and increased difficulties in installing water systems, sewer systems and other improvements. The result is that although construction has gone ahead on a large scale the centers of some cities have, oddly enough, remained unchanged. Many buildings have been erected in Gorky during recent years, for example, but not a single large building has been put up in the center of town.

City building is often accompanied by flagrant violation of building regulations and of city-building practices. These grave shortcomings are evidence of poor control over the quality of building. Agencies of state architecture and construction control must either be taken from the jurisdiction of the local executive committees and made independent locally or a special administration must be established under the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers.

The Ministry of Housing and Public Construction and the local agencies share responsibility with the Russian Republic Council of Ministers' Architecture Administration for many of the major shortcomings in city building. It shows little interest in city building and restricts its activity largely to approving plans and estimates.

Experience has demonstrated that the small construction

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organizations are guilty of the poorest work and the highest expenses. This makes it necessary to add the following passage about construction in the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress: "In order to strengthen the construction organizations, speed up schedules, reduce costs and improve the quality of construction work, the large number of small construction organizations in the cities should be merged."

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Proposals and Remarks. --From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 3. 1300 words. Condensed text:) Pravda is receiving numerous letters and articles from readers who unanimously approve the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan and offer their recommendations.

Comrade P. Shcheglov ( Kemerovo) points out that increased opencast coal mining is of great importance in developing the coal industry and recommends that in Section 9 of Part I of the draft directives the words "a more rapid increase should be envisaged in the production of coking coal, enlarging output of this coal by not less than 50% in the five years," be followed by:

"With this in view, the planning and opening in the Kuznetsk and other coal basins of opencast mines to exploit wide strata of coking coal and strata of common lignite should be speeded, and 25% of all coal produced should be extracted by the opencast method." ...

Comrade A. Drannikov ( Moscow) writes that automatic loaders are important pieces of equipment to mechanize difficult and laborious processes in industry and construction work but that not enough attention is being devoted to increasing production of them. ... Comrade Drannikov thinks that the following supplement should be made to Section 10 of Part I of the draft directives:

"The output of automatic loaders of various capacities should be doubled during the five-year plan." ...

Comrade P. Pavlenko ( Stalinsk, Kemerovo Province) recommends that in order to develop production of local building materials more rapidly, a statement should be added to Section 16 of Part I of the draft directives on organizing building materials trusts, factories and district quarries under all-Union jurisdiction within the network of the U.S.S.R. Ministry of the Building Materials Industry. ...

Comrade V. Tsarev ( Tula) states that the new five-year plan stipulations on increased housing construction should be accompanied by provision for proper maintenance and renovation of existing housing. ...

Comrade Z. Travin ( Tashkent) takes up matters of road building and recommends the following addition to Section 6 of Part III of the draft directives:

"The quality of truck roads should be improved and trucks should be kept off poorly built-roads. The heads of enterprises, of the city and district Soviet executive committees and of the collective and state farms should keep up the roads within their jurisdiction." ...

Comrade S. Klyuchnikov ( Moscow) writes of a number of major shortcomings in building design. He points out that there are no over-all state standards of technical design, that planning organizations show insufficient concern for designing standardized industrial installations. There are, for example, no standardized plans as yet for foundry, forge, woodworking, form, etc., shops. Comrade Klyuchnikov recommends that in Section 16 of Part I of the draft directives the words "construction projects must be provided blueprints and estimates in the accorded time" should be followed by:

"and over-all standards of technological designing should be set up, progressive technical economic indices should be introduced and standardized plans should be applied on a broad scale. A state research center for technological designing should be set up for this purpose."

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Urgent Problems in Development of Machine Building. (By V. Dikushin, "Chief Designer in Experimental Scientific Research Institute for Metal-Cutting Tools". Pravda, Sept. 27, p. 3. 1200 words. Condensed text:) ... It is necessary to intensify the work of coordinating and standardizing assemblies and parts for various pieces of machinery and equipment with a view to ensuring much greater serial production than at present and better organization of technological processes to make greater savings possible. However, such important problems in the development of machine building are being worked out slowly as yet, even though there are unlimited opportunities for coordination and standardization of assemblies and parts. It would be advisable for Section 10 of Part I of the directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan to provide for intensified work to coordinate and standardize the basic parts of new equipment and for the attention of the machine-building ministries, research institutes and the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers' Administration of Standards to be called to this matter. ...

It is our opinion that the tasks of the machine-building industry in increasing precision in the production and assembly of industrial equipment should be particularly stressed in the Fifth Five-Year Plan. ...

The draft directives state: "In designing new machines, their weight should be reduced and their quality improved." Here it is desirable to introduce certain stipulations regarding the means of accomplishing the task in question. In particular, it is necessary to point out the need for stricter control by designers over reductions in the total weight of machine motors and over reductions in the weight per unit of output or capacity of operating machinery--machine tools, transport and other aggregates--during the planning stage.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Proposals and Remarks. --From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Sept. 27, p. 3. 1500 words. Condensed text:) Published below are some of the recommendations, amendments and comments Pravda has received in connection with various passages in the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth FiveYear Plan.

Industry.--Comrade A. Shcherban ( Kiev) recommends that the section of the draft directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan dealing with the coal industry list measures for shifting all mines to operations on the cyclical schedule and for extensive development of semi-industrial and industrial application of methods of underground combustion of both coal and lignite.

Comrade V. Kudrov ( Leningrad) recommends that more attention be paid to the nonmetallurgical coking of coal to ensure increased output of such valuable derivatives and diverse types of raw materials and supplies as gas, electric cokes, benzene and tar and, in addition, to clear city air of smoke and soot. Comrade Kudrov considers it advisable to include in the Fifth Five-Year Plan the construction of a coke and gas plant in the Leningrad area, to operate on common Pechora coal, coking it for general (nonmetallurgical) use.

Comrade A. Gembel ( Borovichi, Novgorod Province) reports that the northwestern parts of the country are rich in raw materials for building purposes and in minerals. He recommends centralized and integrated production of these raw materials (fire-resistant clays, lignites, pyrites), because production of them has so far been under the jurisdiction of various agencies, causing excess expenditures.

Comrade L. Yegorova ( Ulan-Ude, Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Republic) recommends that the new five-year plan provide for more rational use of valuable waste products during the procurement and processing of timber and that the output of cut lumber and prefabricated housing be increased by this means.

Comrade A. Romashkov ( Nikolayevsk-on-Amur) recommends that the draft directives envisage further exploitation of the fish resources of the Far East, especially in the Lower Amur Basin, that the fish catch be particularly increased and that fish-processing facilities on the Okhotsk coast be expanded.

Comrade A. Batkov ( Ivanovo) advocates that the five-year plan provide for increasing the capacity of the textile machine-building industry, that more new machinery and assemblies should be produced for finished light industry products and that more super-fast dye should be produced and the number of shades increased.

Agriculture.--Comrade Ye. Topilin (Mikhailovka, Stalingrad Province) recommends that the following addition be made to the draft directives on the five-year plan: "The use of any but selected seed in sowing grain crops should be prohibited on the collective and state farms, beginning in spring, 1954."

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Comrades N. Galikaderov, A. Yelemanov, A. Borodin, G. Nigmadilov, and L. Chulkov ( Alma-Ata) submitted a number of recommendations for the development of animal husbandry during the Fifth Five-Year Plan. They point to the need for effecting a conversion in Kazakhstan and all parts of the country from range stock raising to the stall and pasture system of stock raising. Referring to the feed base as a crucial factor in the development of animal husbandry, the authors recommend in particular the supplying of machinery to the Machine and Tractor Stations and the Animal Husbandry Machinery Stations to ensure that every facility is employed in hay harvesting and to increase the role of these stations in feed procurement, farm section mechanization and intensified construction of water supply installations.

Comrade I. Gudilin ( Moscow) considers it advisable to hold the state farms responsible for increasing cultivation of seed for perennial grasses, primarily clover and alfalfa, and for supplying them to the collective farms. Such a supplementary provision is justified, he believes, by the fact that development of the grass-field system on the collective farms is being held up by a shortage of perennial grass seed, with resultant difficulties not only in crop cultivation but in livestock raising as well. ...

Transport and Communications. --Comrade N. Slednikov (Archangel) recommends that the current five-year plan envisage the construction of railroads in areas where railroad communications are underdeveloped (Archangel, Vologda and Kirov Provinces and the Komi Autonomous Republic). Regular maritime communications should be provided for Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach and Kolguyev Islands in order to ensure better supply for the inhabitants of these islands and to ensure prompt shipment of raw materials and furs from them.

Comrade K. Yastreboy ( Stalingrad) expresses a wish to supplement slightly the passage in the draft directives dealing with the exploitation of small rivers for hauling freight, pointing to the need for ensuring complex development of the small rivers by combining plans for the development of shipping on them with plans for hydroelectric stations, and for irrigation, water supply and fishing.

Comrade A. Zinkov ( Kiev) recommends an amendment to Section 6 of Part III of the draft directives concerning the need to increase output of spare parts and assemblies (especially motors) for automobiles. ...

Comrade N. Georgidze ( Tbilisi) submits a recommendation that the new five-year plan provide for substantially expanding the public telephone network in cities and workers' settlements and for improving telephone communications between the cities and rural settlements.

Science and Culture. -- ... Comrades A. Gorbachev, L. Nebret and P. Sachkov ( Kemerovo) point to the extremely inadequate network of higher educational and research institutions in the Kuznetsk Basin as an obstacle in the way of training engineers and developing scientific work in connection with exploitation of the Kuznetsk Basin's wealth of natural resources. They mention in particular the need for providing for a branch of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in the Kuznetsk Basin, together with a number of scientific institutions.

Comrades V. Kovalenkov, P. Tager, A. Tarantsov and G. Dobrovolsky ( Moscow) recommend the development in our country of telephoto transmission as a new communications medium with a great future and one of great importance to the national economy. ...

Comrade V. Pokhvalin ( Leningrad) considers it essential that the following supplement be made to Section 4 of Part IV of the draft directives:

"In order to make medical aid more available to the working people, the medical network should be expanded and hospital facilities should be made compulsory at large industrial enterprises. Construction or provision of grounds for medical institutions at enterprises should be made the responsibility of the ministry and agency involved."

Comrade Pokhvalin recommends that the new five-year plan provide for the establishment of a large influenza and angina research institute, with modern equipment and competent medical specialists. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--On Schedules for Constructing Irrigation Systems in the Volga Area. (By A. Popov, Chief of Stalingrad Canal-Building Trust. Pravda, Sept. 27, p. 3. 900 words. Condensed text:) Stalingrad-- ... It is essential to reduce by at least one year the time set for constructing the irrigation systems in the southern districts of Stalingrad Province and to expand the irrigation plan here from 150,000 to 225,000 hectares of land. ... The directives for the five-year plan should provide for speeding up the schedules for building the trunk canals in the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station area. These schedules are quite protracted in their present form, and yet the canals should be completely ready by 1956, i.e., by the time the hydroelectric station goes into operation. ...

The directives for the five-year plan should charge enterprises of the machine-building industry with beginning immediate production of small tractors, rollers, scrapers and other machinery and equipment which can be hauled easily over long distances and which are extremely necessary in building irrigation systems. ...

The need for increased exploitation of artesian wells not only in Central Asia and Kazakhstan but also in the areas beyond the Volga and in the Caspian area near the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station should be stressed in the directives of the Congress. ...

Problems of Science and Technology: ON CERTAIN IMPORTANT PROBLEMS OF RAILROAD EQUIPMENT. (By T. Khachaturov, Corresponding Member of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. Izvestia, Sept. 27, p. 2. Complete text:) The draft directives of the 19th Party Congress for the Fifth FiveYear Plan of development of the U.S.S.R. outline a further mighty advance in all types of transportation in conformity with the requirements of developing production and trade. A 35% to 40% increase in railroad freight volume in 1955, as compared with 1950, is envisaged.

As is well known, railroad transportation surpassed the prewar level in 1948, and in 1950 it exceeded the 1940 level by 45%. Transportation is continuing to develop at a rapid rate in the course of the Fifth Five-Year Plan.

The further growth of freight traffic necessitates improvement of the railroads' traffic capacity. The draft directives of the 19th Party Congress point out that increasing the roads' traffic capacity is a most important task in the field of railroad transportation.

Solution of this task entails double-tracking, enlargement of depots, electrification of railroad lines, introduction of automatic block signals, automatic stops and electrified central switches, improvement of roadbeds and the provision of adequate rolling stock.

In addition, it is necessary to consider the fact that railroad transportation has considerable internal reserves at its disposal, the use of which can ensure increased traffic volume. We shall consider only one of these reserves: greater speed. The growth in volume during the five-year plans was achieved mainly by increasing the weight of trains. However, the speed of trains has increased to a lesser degree. Present speeds are inadequate, do not meet the requirements of the national economy and must be increased considerably.

The speed of freight shipments depends both upon the actual rate of movement and, to an even greater extent, the time freight cars are not in motion. For this reason, the speed of freight hauling must be judged by the turnaround time, which is to be reduced in 1955 by not less than 18% of the 1950 figure. This must be accomplished first of all by reducing idle time at stations. Railwaymen must widely apply Stakhanovite methods of handling freight cars, they must improve the organization of marshaling and keep strictly to schedules.

The reduction of idle car time also depends to a large extent upon the clients and involves time wasted during loading operations. More than three-fourths of all railroad loading is done on industrial sidings. Yet many of the sidings at industrial enterprises are poorly maintained, the speed of operations at them is limited and loading and unloading facilities are inadequate, which complicates returning the cars. The reason for this is that the managers of industrial enterprises do not give proper attention to their shipping operations. It is necessary to increase the amount of technical equipment used on industrial sidings and to mechanize loading and unloading operations.

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In addition to reducing idle time, it is necessary considerably to speed train traffic. High rates of production are being applied everywhere in the national economy of the U.S.S.R.-high-speed metal cutting, rapid smelting and high-speed construction. Yet the speed of train movement still falls short of present demands.

Roadbeds on a number of trunk lines have been completely overhauled or relaid during the postwar five-year plan. The draft directives of the Party Congress provide for delivering approximately 85% more new rails to the railroads than during the period from 1946 to 1950. It is important to use these rails correctly, not by fanning them out throughout the entire network but by improving whole sectors in order to permit the operation of powerful high-speed locomotives.

The speed of passenger trains should have been increased long ago. The number and duration of passenger train stops should be reduced. More time is now wasted on unwarranted stops than before the patriotic war.

The draft directives of the 19th Party Congress provide for supplying the railroads with new and advanced equipment. It is the task of scientists, engineers, and technical workers to recommend and introduce the most rational plans for technical installations and the best methods for their utilization.

Electrification is of tremendous importance as a means for the technical development of transportation. V. I. Lenin and J. V. Stalin have placed great importance on electric traction. Electrification of the railroads occupied an important place in the Lenin GOELRO [State Electrification] Plan. Several important main lines in the Urals, Transcaucasus, Dnieper area and Kuznetsk Basin have now been converted to electric traction.

The Fifth Five-Year Plan aims at completing four times as many electric lines as were completed during the last fiveyear plan. The importance of electric traction lies in the fact that it can increase the traffic capacity of a single-track railroad 50% to 100% over that attainable with steam traction. With electric traction it is possible in a number of cases to avoid expensive double-tracking, to increase traffic speed 15% to 20%, to increase the weight of trains 40% to 60% and to reduce transportation cost sharply.

Steam traction, as is known, is very uneconomical in terms of fuel. The conversion to electric traction makes it possible to reduce fuel expenditures by one-half to two-thirds. No fuel at all is consumed when electricity is produced from water power. Electric traction also has the great advantage of considerably improving all railroad operations. Smoke, soot, coal dust and slag--the usual companions of steam traction--are absent.

Great opportunities for electrification of railroad transport are offered by construction of hydroelectric stations on the Volga, Don, Dnieper and Amu-Darya. A number of important problems confront railroad science and technology. It is necessary to decide whether further electrification will employ the direct current now in use (technically far from advanced) or whether it will be advantageous to shift to the system of single-phase, normal industrial frequency and considerably higher voltage. Such a power system would permit power substations to be placed farther apart and would simplify their layout, with resultant reductions in both capital investments and current operating expenses.

Unfortunately, however, the railroads are not engaged in serious research on the application of such a system, even though its advantages have been known for a long time. They still have a long way to go before checking equipment, installations and rolling stock under actual working conditions. The Ministry of Railroads must intensify studies so that the question of the system of current to be used can be solved as soon as possible on the basis of conclusive experimental data.

Serious scientific and technical problems arise in connection with the task of improving the operation of existing electrified roads. The traction power of electric locomotives is still inadequately utilized, the weight of the trains is less than it could be, average daily runs are low and too much power is consumed.

Sometimes comparatively simple measures would increase the efficiency of electric traction but they are not carried out. The need for installing electric meters on electric locomotives and power-operated cars has existed for a number of years, for example. A meter was developed long ago but has yet to be installed.

Handling the growing freight volume in the new five-year plan will necessitate the use of locomotives much more powerful than those now in use. Very heavy trains are being run on some lines already. Super-powered locomotives will have to be built with a greater number of drive axles (in order not to increase the pressure of the axles on the roadbed). This involves so-called twin-engine locomotives, which have eight drive axles, and two tandem steam engines at each end.

A more powerful and economical type of twin-engine locomotive is needed, one able to pull doubled weight, for example. The railroads have been as backward in planning such locomotives as they have been in solving the problems of singlephase current. The research organizations of the Ministry of Railroads are slow in solving important, long-range problems. They are not developing basic scientific, theoretical and experimental work on models of new technical equipment and are bogged down in minor work of a routine nature. This is why inadequately tested designs are sometimes approved for widespread use when life compels the adoption of new technical equipment.

All this would not happen if the Ministry of Railroads were to see that a number of plans were worked out in due time and to select the best of them. Unfortunately, it is necessary to restress the ministry's failure to provide plans for new superpowered twin-engine locomotives, as well as for new mainline, all-climate locomotives.

A tremendous number of new freight and passenger cars must be built. It is necessary to solve the important problem of reducing their weight, which is disproportionately large at the present time. Forty per cent to 50% of the carrying capacity of our freight cars is taken up by the freight cars themselves, so that payloads comprise about 55% of the gross weight. This means that on the average about eight tons of car facilities are required for each ton of freight! A tremendous amount of fuel is wasted on deadheading freight cars, and, after all, railroad transportation consumes a large enough share of the coal produced in the country. Lightening the weight of a freight car by only one ton will effect a great saving in operating expenses, not to mention the fact that this would make increased freight volume possible.

Some years ago the Ministry of Railroads' Central Research Institute worked out draft plans for a light, all-metal freight car, but not even an experimental model of this car has been built. Extensive research work must be launched in order to shift from building the type of cars which were built 25 or more years ago to new types of cars.

Great tasks also confront us in the technical development of other branches of the railroad economy: the introduction of new types of power, mechanization and automatization, the development of safety in train movement, etc. Transportation research and planning must be widely developed. The Ministry of Railroads has at its disposal the material resources and qualified, experienced cadres of scientists, designers, engineers and practical workers able to solve the most difficult scientific and technical tasks. It is necessary to utilize these resources in every way for the further technical progress of railroad transportation during the Fifth Stalin Five-Year Plan.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Proposals and Remarks. --From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Oct. 2, p. 3. 1700 words. Condensed text:) Industry.-... Comrade A. Osintsev ( Sverdlovsk) comments that the draft directives for the Fifth Five-Year Plan should provide for the solution of a number of important problems involved in developing Urals metallurgy, in particular for prospecting for additional sources of coking coal and for developing new coalfields. ...

Comrade I. Nazarov ( Krasnoyarsk) points out that the Chief Lumber Marketing Administration is responsible for large amounts of cut timber being left on the Yenisei and its tributaries every year, part of which later rots, and recommends that the lag between cutting operations and removal of the timber be eliminated through correct planning. ...

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Agriculture.  -- ... Comrades P. Nikitin and A. SavchenkoBelsky ( Moscow) note that the draft directives for the five-year plan make no mention of care for tree plantings. ...

Comrade M. Simon ( Novosibirsk) points to the need for broader development of reclamation work in the Baraba lowlamis. ...

Transportation and Communications. --Comrades G. Ryleyev, V. Dmitriyev and K. Shishkin ( Moscow) believe that in addition to the development of electrification on the railroads the draft directives for the Fifth Five-Year Plan should outline goals for introducing diesel power. ...

Comrade V. Smirnov ( Vilnius) comments that the draft directives devote much space to improved navigation and increased passenger service in the Neman River Basin. He expresses the desire to provide for more complete solution of the problem of improved navigation in the Neman River Basin through restoration of the Masurian Waterway System in the neighborhood of Kaliningrad [Kšnigsberg] Province and the Oginsky Waterway System in the Belorussian Republic. ...

Comrade A. Kromov (Lisichansk) believes that the draft directives for the Fifth Five-Year Plan should offer more details on measures to expand and organize telephone communications. ...

Science and Technology.-- ... Comrade F. Aktuganov (Volsk, Saratov Province) points out that great amounts of heat are lost in the gases from metallurgical furnaces, sometimes reaching 50% of the thermal energy of the fuel. He holds that in order to utilize the heat it is necessary to install recovery boilers at open-hearth furnaces. Such boilers have already been designed and some have already been made for major iron and steel mills, but so far they have not been installed at enterprises.

Comrade M. Latash ( Kiev) recommends extensive use of molten slag from blast furnaces in manufacturing facing panels and slag blocks, which are an excellent material for road surfacing. Experiments to produce cast stoneware from slag mixtures were carried out before the war, but slag from blast furnaces is not yet being used for this purpose and continues to pile up around the iron and steel mills.

Comrades S. Chetverikov and P. Gribovsky ( Moscow) comment on the great importance of ceramics as a cutting material for metalworking tools. ...

Academician A. Vinter ( Moscow) points to the need for extensive development of windmill production and for more research on clusters of wind-generators for electric stations and wind-generator steam installations for combined production of electricity, steam and hot water.

Culture and Everyday Life. -- ... Comrade A. Makogon (Chernigov, Ukraine Republic) recommends that the new fiveyear plan ensure that instruction in the secondary agricultural schools provides graduates with thorough grounding in all problems of collective farm life. ...

Comrade I. Levitin ( Leningrad) recommends that the current five-year plan ensure expansion of the public catering network and, in particular, that it provide for the possibility of organizing restaurants in newly erected large buildings.

Comrade P. Kiryak (Raspopeny, Moldavian Republic) recommends that in order better to meet the needs of the working people a small machine shop for repairing bicycles, radios and various household articles be set up in every district center. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Skilled Workers for Soviet Industry. (By P. Moskatov, U.S.S.R. Deputy Minister of Labor Reserves. Pravda, Oct. 2, p. 2. 1000 words. Excerpt:) ... The training of new reinforcements for the working class is a matter of great state importance. Major changes are taking place in the geographical distribution of the country's manpower resources as the U.S.S.R. national economy develops. These resources are shifting eastward at a considerable rate. Unfortunately, the present network of state labor reserves educational institutions cannot guarantee these areas qualified cadres of workers without further shifts. For example, only about 27% of the total number of state labor reserves educational institutions are situated in the Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia and the Far East at the present time.

This distribution of state labor reserves educational institutions in relation to economic areas must be changed. We believe it is advisable to supplement Section 7 of Part IV of the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress with a statement on the need for approximately doubling during the five-year plan the network of state labor reserves educational institutions in the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Proposals and Remarks. --From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Oct. 5, p. 3. 1700 words. Condensed text:) Industry. -- ... Comrade P. Shanin ( Khabarovsk) states that the Fifth Five-Year Plan should reflect the task of extensive construction of enterprises of the lumber industry in the Far East. ...

Agriculture. --Comrade D. Kalugin ( Simferopol) makes a number of recommendations for reforestation. He believes that forest resources and self-seeding areas should be inventoried and that plans should be drawn up for adding to and restoring these resources during the next three to five years. ...

Comrade K. Kobyzev ( Moscow) offers a recommendation for more extensive use of aviation in agriculture. ...

Transportation and Communications. --Comrade N. Chernov ( Kiev) holds that reconditioning of discarded rails constitutes a major source for improving the state of tracks. Yet this matter is not properly organized on the railroads. Hence the author recommends that the current five-year plan ensure the reconditioning of discarded rail through electric-contact welding. ...

Comrade P. Zemskov ( Moscow) makes the recommendation that Part III of the draft directives for the Fifth Five-Year Plan envisage solution of the problem of using gas [vapor] as an automobile fuel. It is his opinion that the following addition should be made to this chapter:

"Extensive use should be made of gas as an automobile fuel, and a broad network of gas filling stations should be established for this purpose. Existing enterprises should be equipped with and all gasoline refineries now under construction should have special gas-trapping facilities."

Science and Technology.--Academician D. Belyankin calls attention to the need for developing research in mineral geology...

Comrade M. Svetlichny ( Krivoi Rog) considers it necessary to organize a determined struggle against smoke and dust, especially at enterprises of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, coal-tar chemical industry and at fuel-operated power plants...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Why One Cannot Agree With A. Popov. (By A. Prokhorov, Party Organizer for the Communist Party Central Committee at the Central Volga Development Construction Trust. Pravda, Oct. 5, p. 3. 900 words. Condensed text:) Kuibyshev-- ... There can be no agreement with some of the proposals by Comrade A. Popov, Chief of the Stalingrad Canal-Building Trust, in his article "On Schedules for Constructing Irrigation Systems in the Volga Area" printed in Pravda Sept. 27. Comrade Popov considers it inexpedient to regard construction of irrigation systems utilizing the electric power of the Kuibyshev Hydroelectric Station as a work of first priority. What reasons does he give for his proposal?

In Comrade Popov's opinion irrigating and watering for Kuibyshev Province is not as acutely necessary as, let us say, for Stalingrad Province and the North Caspian regions. The author of the article alleges that in Kuibyshev Province there is greater rainfall, there are fewer dry winds, etc.

Not one of these arguments can be declared sound. Numerous observations indicate that the most fertile black earth lands of the steppe regions in Kuibyshev, Chkalov and Saratov Provinces are exposed to drought and dry winds. Irrigating the lands on the basis of the Kuibyshev Hydroelectric Station's electric power will make it possible to make the chief grain regions of the Trans-Volga an extremely rich wheat base for the country, a major milk, butter and wool producer. This corresponds to the interests of the state and the people.

Comrade Popov contradicts the facts and does not take extremely important circumstances into account. It is well known

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that the Kuibyshev Hydroelectric Station is being put into operation before the Stalingrad station. From this circumstance arises the need for more intensified construction of irrigation systems on a basis of utilizing the power of the Kuibyshev Hydroelectric Center.

However, Comrade Popov proposes the introduction of an amendment under which the construction of trunk canals is to be completed first of all in the area of the Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station and not in the area of the Kuibyshev station. Where is the logic in this, Comrade Popov?

Even now it is evident that the speed of constructing irrigation systems in the area of the Kuibyshev Hydroelectric Station is lagging behind the schedules for construction of the hydroelectric center. Therefore, in our opinion, an amendment on the need to shorten time limits for the construction of irrigation and watering systems in the Central Trans-Volga regions should be introduced into the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan.

All this shows that Comrade Popov's proposal does not comply with the interests of further developing agriculture in the Trans-Volga area. ...

Construction of the first small irrigation systems permits one to draw certain conclusions. Experience shows that the utilization of small-size scrapers, rollers and other machinery is not always warranted in constructing comparatively small irrigation systems. ...

Despite this fact, Comrade Popov proposes to introduce an amendment to the draft directives on the Fifth Five-Year Plan to the effect that machine-building enterprises begin immediate production of small-size tractors, rollers, scrapers and other machines and equipment which can be transported easily over long distances for building irrigation systems. It seems to us that this proposal by Comrade Popov will also not hold up under criticism. ...

PARTY STATUTES

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. ( Pravda, Sept. 4, p. 4. 4200 words. Condensed text:) Concerning Article 2 of Draft of Revised Party Statutes. (By Party Member T. Mashtalenko, worker in the October Revolution Plant.) Voroshilovgrad-... The expression "any working person who is a Soviet citizen not exploiting anyone else's labor" can and I think should be replaced by a different one. The Stalin Constitution lays down the legislative provision that exploitation has been abolished in the land of socialism. But if we leave in the Party Statutes the expression "any working person who is a Soviet citizen not exploiting anyone else's labor," we may give the impression that there is still exploitation and a definite exploiting class in the Soviet Union. It is clear that such an extremely important historical document as the Statutes of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union must not give rise to misrepresentation. Yes, and there is no necessity for writing into the Party Statutes what has long since vanished from our socialist society. ...

Necessary Additions and Clarifications. (By Party Member A. Popov.) Moscow-- ... After attentive study of the draft revised Statutes and the theses of Comrade N. S. Khrushchev, Secretary of the Party Central Committee, I have come to the conclusion that a number of provisions put forward for discussion require a more succinct formulation.

Article 1 of the draft revised Statutes gives a definition of the Party. ... This definition should be supplemented with a statement that the Party unites the best, most advanced people, and it should be phrased as follows: "The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is a voluntary militant union of Communists holding the same views, formed of the best, most advanced people of the working class, the working peasantry and the working intelligentsia."

Such a definition will reflect more precisely the well-known provision that our party is a political organization not of the entire Soviet people but only of its advanced part, its vanguard.

Further. At the end of the article it is necessary to stipulate: "In all its work the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is guided by the theory of Marxism-Leninism." The necessity for such a statement, it seems to me, is quite indisputable, since it will reflect the real state of affairs and will underline once again the great significance of the Marxist-Leninist theory for the work of the Party and of each of its individual members.

I consider it expedient to expand slightly Point (j) of Article 3, which refers to the duties of a Party member.

In the draft revised Statutes this point states that the Party member is under obligation "to keep Party and state secrets and to display political vigilance, keeping in mind that the vigilance of Communists is necessary on every sector and in all circumstances. Disclosing Party or state secrets is a crime before the Party and incompatible with Party membership." I propose that this provision be supplemented with a statement to the effect that we are living in a state of capitalist encirclement, that this obliges the Party member to wage a vigorous struggle against heedlessness, smugness and complacency and that the disclosure of Party and state secrets is a most grave crime. ...

In addition, Article 3, dealing with the duties of a Party member, should be supplemented with a special point which would state that a Communist is under obligation to take an active part in internal Party life. I propose the following phrasing for this point:

"(1) To display wide initiative, to take a daily, active part in all internal Party work conducted by the Party organization and to carry out Party assignments in a timely and punctual manner. Failure of Communists to carry out Party assignments in a timely and punctual manner is a serious violation of Party discipline."

Finally, I consider it necessary to supplement the draft revised Statutes with a special section on the tasks of the organizational work of Party organizations, the necessity of mastering the Leninist-Stalinist style of work and the principal duties of the secretaries of primary Party organizations. ...

Raise Title of Party Member Still Higher. (By D. Lebedev, Secretary of Dzerzhinsky Borough Party Committee.) Moscow-- ... The requirement of the draft revised Statutes that a Party member should develop self-criticism and criticism from below is of special significance. Suppression of criticism, the draft states, is a great evil. He who silences criticism and substitutes ostentation and boastfulness in its place cannot remain in the ranks of the Party.

In practice one still comes across instances in which certain executives, acknowledging verbally the importance of criticism and self-criticism as the principal law of the development of socialist society, in practice do not tolerate criticism but silence it. ...

The draft revised Party Statutes place a Party member under obligation to observe Party and state discipline, equally obligatory for all Party members. There can be, the draft states, no two disciplines in the Party, one for the leaders and another for the rank and file. The Party has only one discipline, one law for all Communists, irrespective of their services and the offices they hold. Violation of Party and state discipline is a great evil, harming the Party and hence incompatible with membership.

The purpose of this requirement of the draft is to play a major role in the struggle for fulfillment of Party and government assignments. It will make it possible to conduct a more successful struggle against those who consider that the laws of the Party and the state are not binding on them. And we still come across such officials in some places. Certain executives of enterprises embark on the path of deceiving the state, padding their reports on plan fulfillment, violating technological norms and not conducting a persistent struggle for fulfillment of the state plan. ...

In the link with the masses, in the strengthening and expansion of these links lies the source of the strength and invincibility of Bolshevist leadership.

It should be noted that certain Communists--Party, Soviet and economic officials--do not always remember this requirement and sometimes adopt a bureaucratic attitude to the requirements and the needs of the working people. ...

The draft revised Statutes quite rightly raise the question of making the name of our party more precise. But it seems to me that it would be better to name our party "The Communist

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Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." This name would reflect more fully the character of our state.

It is expedient to supplement Article 3 of the draft revised Statutes dealing with the duties of Party members with a special point stating that a Communist is under obligation to show an example in daily life, to observe Communist ethics strictly. It should, moreover, be stressed that corruption in daily life is incompatible with membership in the ranks of the Party. ...

In the draft revised Statutes it is necessary to include a special point dealing with the tasks and rights of the Party organizations of scientific research institutes.

For greater efficiency in the work of the borough committee it is desirable that plenary sessions should be held not once a month, as is envisaged by the draft, but once every six or eight weeks. The borough committee would thus have time to prepare and conduct its own plenary session during one month and a meeting of the aktiv of the borough organization the next. ...

Strengthen Demand for Development of Self-Criticism and Criticism From Below. (By P. Smirnov, Party Organizer of the Party Central Committee at the Kirov Plant.) Leningrad-... Criticism and self-criticism is the motive force in the development of Soviet society, the well-tried method of training executive personnel. ...

Carrying out the injunctions of Lenin and Stalin, the Party develops criticism and self-criticism in an over-all manner, teaching Communists to speak about shortcomings directly, honestly and openly, to disclose and remove their causes and, thanks to this, to achieve ever new successes.

It should be noted that even now we not infrequently come across people who speak in fine and glowing terms about the importance of criticism and self-criticism but who do this not because it is their conviction but because, so to speak, they are following the "fashion." But when you take a look at how such people in practice view critical comments about themselves, then you find out that they do not in any way promote the expansion of criticism. On the contrary they stifle every manifestation of it, if not by direct suppression then by an indifferent attitude toward the critical comments which are made about them. ...

The demand made on every Communist--to be irreconcilable toward shortcomings, to criticize errors and blunders honestly and directly--will have a fruitful effect on the standard of inner Party life, on all the work of Party organizations in directing economic and cultural construction. ...

The draft revised Party Statutes contain a sufficiently precise and complete formulation of the provisions for shielding the critical thought of Communists from the highhandedness of suppressors of criticism. But it seems to me that that part of the point dealing with the duty of a Communist to criticize shortcomings should be strengthened. After all, it is a fact that the expansion of criticism is impeded not only by the attempts of certain executives to suppress it, but also by the philistine complacency displayed by certain Communists. A person sees shortcomings but remains silent: "What," he says, "should I do more than anyone else?" Such behavior should be vigorously condemned as alien to the very spirit of Party allegiance. ...

Improve System of Party Education (By Party Member I. Krivosheyev)--Comrade N. S. Khrushchev's theses at the 19th Party Congress on the revisions in the Party Statutes emphasize that the propagandizing of Marxism-Leninism is still unsatisfactorily organized.

What then are the principal shortcomings in propaganda work? In my opinion the basic shortcoming is that the existing system of organizing Marxist-Leninist studies does not meet the increased standard of the Communists' knowledge and the requirements for further profound study of Marxism-Leninism. The fact is that there is still a great deal of makeshift method and lack of control in the organization of Party studies. There exist many heterogeneous and diverse circles which are set up quickly and, in a number of instances, arbitrarily liquidated. ...

For the purposes of improving the study of Marxism-Leninism and raising the responsibility of the Communists for mastery of it, I propose that a point worded as follows be introduced in the Statutes of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: "Mindful that Marxism-Leninism is the principal weapon of the Party in the struggle for the building of communism, a Party member is under obligation, in the shortest possible period, to master the basic laws of social development revealed by Marxism-Leninism."

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Refinements and Supplements to Certain Points in the Party Statutes. (By Party Member A. Pshenichkin. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 4. 1200 words. Condensed text:) Moscow--The draft revised Statutes ...take account of the vast changes in the life of the Party from the 18th Congress to the present. Take for example the fact that our party is given a new name in the draft revised Statutes. Instead of "All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks)," it is proposed to call it henceforth "The Communist Party of the Soviet Union." The proposed new name is more correct than the present name because the words Communist" and 'Bolshevik' now express one and the same thing. However, in our opinion it would be more accurate to name our party "Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.' It seems to me that a reference should be made to the fact that Communists, holding the same views, have a uniform Marxist-Leninist world outlook. ... Hence I believe it would be better to give the following definition of the Party:

"The Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a voluntary militant union of Communists, holding the same views, formed of people of the working class, the working peasantry and the working intelligentsia who accept Marxism-Leninism as their world outlook." ...

With respect to the period of Party membership required of secretaries of Party committees, my proposals reduce to the following:

An obligatory period of Party membership of not less than ten years should be established for secretaries of Central Committees of Communist Parties of the Union republics instead of the six years proposed in the draft; for secretaries of territory and province committees the period should be not less than ten years; for secretaries of region, city and district committees it should be not less than five years, and for secretaries of primary organizations [units] it should be not less than two years. In exceptional cases (small Party organizations, no members with a membership period of more than two years) the obligatory period for secretaries of primary organizations could be less than two years but not less than one year, with special permission from the city and district Party committees. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Mention Careful Treatment of Personnel in Party Statutes. (By Party Member M. Magnitsky. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 4. 700 words. Condensed text:) Petrozavodsk-- ... The draft revised Statutes quite rightly provide that one of the most important duties of a Party member, no matter what post he holds or what powers he has, is strict observance of the Bolshevist principle of personnel selection.

In our opinion, however, Point (k) in Article 3 reflects only one side of the question: improved personnel selection. It is true that we can no longer tolerate instances of a faulty approach to personnel selection, but at the same time the Party Statutes must require Communists to deal thoughtfully with personnel. ...

There is no point in denying that we still encounter cases in which individual Communists to whom the Party has entrusted key posts not infrequently adopt a lordly, disdainful attitude toward personnel and show no interest in the training or assigning of them, which is a great evil for the Party and the state.

For instance, so-called administrators who appreciate only themselves and their own labor think nothing of continually removing persons they do not like from their posts, using plausible pretexts and at the same time mourning the 'shortage of personnel." In order to evade responsibility for failure in the work assigned to them, such so-called administrators not infrequently try to and do find persons 'responsible' for the mistakes and blunders which they themselves have made, 'get rid" of these supposedly guilty persons and themselves emerge unscathed. Moreover, we still have takers-of-no-chances who, for the sake of their own peace and quiet, are ready at any moment to get rid of officials who cause them the slightest bother.

Is it not these factors which in many ways explain the situation that exists in various Party and Soviet agencies where per-

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sonnel turnover is high and criticism and self-criticism poorly developed? ...

In this connection it seems to us that Point (k) in Article 3 should be worded as follows:

"At any post entrusted to him by the Party, to carry out without fail the Party directives on correct solution of cadres with regard to political and working qualifications. Violating these directives, [that is,] selection of officials on the basis of friendship, personal loyalties, local allegiance, or kinship, as well as a lordly, disdainful, insensitive, bureaucratic attitude toward personnel, is incompatible with Party membership."

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Sept 14, p. 4. Complete text:) Below are some of the recommendations and observations on the draft revised Party Statutes received by Pravda from Party members and candidates.

Party member Comrade N. Shulegin ( Moscow Province) proposes that the word 'Bolsheviks' be retained in the name of the Party. He writes: "It is well known that the Communists have been called Bolsheviks for 50 years now. This name is near and dear to our hearts. The word 'Bolshevik' has become traditional and a profoundly patriotic word among Communists and the entire Soviet people. Taking this into consideration, I believe that we should leave the name 'Bolshevik' in the title of our party."

Comrade G. Kutukov ( Moscow), noting that the lofty title of member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union obliges a Communist to be a model of service to the Party and state, proposes the following addition to Article 3 of the draft revised Party Statutes:

"It is the duty of a Party member: To esteem the lofty title of member of the Communist Party and in all situations to set an example of class consciousness and organization and of devotion to the cause of the party of Lenin and Stalin. Passivity and indifference, formalism in work, boastfulness and disdain and obsequiousness are a stain on the title of member of the Communist Party and must be severely punished."

Vice-President of the Armenian Republic Academy of Sciences Comrade A. Iosifyan ( Yerevan) proposes the addition of the following point to Article 3 of the Statutes:

"To guard state (public) property vigilantly against appropriation and embezzlement, to economize and conserve state property. A passive, inactive, conniving attitude toward pilferers of state (public) property and toward bribe-takers, and wasteful, careless treatment of state property are incompatible with membership in the Party."

Comrade D. Olkhovoi ( Leningrad) proposes the addition of the following words to Point (d) in Article 3, after the words 'respond promptly to the desires and needs of the working people:" "not only to explain to the non-Party masses the meaning of the Party policy and decisions but also to assist in the communist education of the masses, mindful that the strength and invincibility of the Party lie in close and inseparable ties with the people."

Comrade L. Pavlov (Nerl, Kalinin Province) proposes an addition to Article 26, to read as follows:

"In the election of Party bodies, voting by lists as well as preliminary discussion of lists of candidates in any form whatsoever is prohibited. The nomination of candidates must be completely free, without any restriction whatsoever on the number of candidates. All Party members are assured the unrestricted right to challenge candidates and to criticize them. Candidates who receive a plurality of votes are elected. Elections are held by secret balloting in closed booths."

A number of comrades recommend in their letters that the Statutes refer to questions of personal life, family, morality and the attitude of a Communist toward religion. For example, Comrade N. Danilenko ( Moscow) proposes the addition of a statement to Article 3 of the Statutes to the effect that a Party member is under obligation "to carry out strictly and undeviatingly the principles of Communist morality and ethics. He who does not daily support these principles in public or private life must be punished severely as a violator of the will of the Party."

Comrade N. Akhmadeyev ( Alma-Ata) writes in his letter: "It seems to me that the revised Statutes must make it the duty of Party members and candidates to fight for further strengthening of the friendship of the peoples of the U.S.S.R. It would also be desirable to state in the Statutes that any manifestation of chauvinist and bourgeois nationalist views is incompatible with membership in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which is an internationalist party."

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--On Party Organizations in Institutions. (By M. Lukovkin, Secretary of the Party Bureau for the Transbaikal Railroad Administration. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 4. Complete text:) Chita--Article 57 of the draft revised Statutes clearly defines the tasks of the primary Party organizations [units], which will promote further advance in the activity of Communists and will considerably strengthen the role of the primary organizations in the life and work of enterprises, Machine and Tractor Stations and collective and state farms. However, the draft revised Statutes contain no really clear statement on the rights and work methods of the Party organizations of Soviet institutions. Of course, it may be assumed that the Party organizations of Soviet institutions should be guided by the second paragraph of Article 58 of the draft revised Statutes, which refers to Party organizations in ministries, inasmuch as they all have about the same functions as do the Party organizations of the ministries. This can only be inferred, however.

It seems to me that the following should be added to Article 58: "The Party organizations of Soviet institutions cannot exercise supervisory functions but are under obligation, in fulfillment of the tasks defined by Article 57 of the Statutes, to reveal shortcomings in the work of the institution, to note defects in the work of the staff and its individual officials and to send their reports and recommendations to the district, city or province Party committee and also to raise these questions with the heads of the institutions.'

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--For Effective Criticism. (By G. Zimanas, Editor of the Newspaper Tiesa. Pravda, Sept. 14, p. 4. 900 words. Condensed text:) Vilnius-... The question of the effectiveness of criticism has found reflection in the draft revised Statutes. It is expressed in the formula placing every Party member under obligation to bring to light defects in work and to seek their removal. At the same time, in my opinion, there should be stronger stress in the Statutes on the obligation of every Party member and Party body to fight for the effectiveness of criticism.

In urging that criticism and self-criticism be developed in every way, our party has more than once warned against vulgarization of self-criticism, against antipatriotic criticism, against slanderers who, under the guise of criticism, try to defame the policy of our party and the people who carry it out.

In my opinion it would be expedient to warn our local Party organizations in the Party Statutes against slanderers and frauds who, under the guise of developing criticism, attempt to suppress criticism, to deprive it of effect or to retaliate for criticism.

It would be worthwhile to stipulate that criticism must be honest and principled and that it must promote the strengthening of Soviet society, that persons who employ criticism for selfish purposes cannot belong to the Party and must be brought to book.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--On Certain Duties of a Party Member. --Review of Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 4. 1000 words. Condensed text:) The editors of Pravda continue to receive a large number of letters in connection with discussion of the draft revised Party Statutes. Warmly approving the draft, the writers of the letters make recommendations and comments aimed in particular at further enhancing the title and importance of the Party member. ...

Comrade M. Avdeyev, secretary of the Ashkhabad Silk Weaving Plant Party organization, writes: "... It cannot be tolerated that individual Communists conduct themselves unworthily in their personal lives and do not do their duty to public and family. The provision of the revised Statutes on the duties of a Party member must be strengthened by inclusion of a special point to the effect that every Party member must be high-principled and

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crystal pure. Acts in personal life and public life unworthy of an advanced person are a great evil incompatible with Party membership."

Some comrades propose that the Statutes be supplemented with a point on the attitude of a Communist to the family and children. Comrade Kozlov ( Krivoi Rog) writes: "I think that strengthening the family and increasing the responsibility of Party members for the upbringing of children meets the interests of the whole society, the interests of our party, which is the vanguard of the fight to build a communist society. ..."

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--For Regularity in Calling Party Meetings. (By V. Tikhomirov, Party Organizer for the Party Central Committee at the Red Sormovo Plant. Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 4. 300 words. Excerpt:) Gorky-... With regard to the tremendous and ever-increasing role of Party meetings as a highly important means of improving the efficiency of the primary Party organizations, I consider it expedient to provide in the Statutes for periods for calling meetings of Communists. It seems to me that the Statutes should provide for meetings to be held at least once or twice every month in the primary Party organizations. It goes without saying that if necessary a Party organization could hold meetings two, three or more times in a month.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Against Proposal by D. Lebedev and A. Pshenichkin.--New Name of Our Party 'Communist Party of the Soviet Union' Alone Is Correct. (By Party Member M. Kutikhin. Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 4. 1200 words. Condensed text:) Rostov-on-Don-- ... Pravda printed an article by Comrade Lebedev Sept. 4 which expressed-along with correct propositions--what in my view was a groundless recommendation concerning the draft. Objecting to the name of the Party as given in the draft, the author of the article recommends the following name: "Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." The same proposal was advanced by Party Member Pshenichkin in Pravda Sept. 14. Moreover, both of them explain their recommendation by the need for "making more precise" the name of our party.

What do these comrades have in mind when they speak of the necessity of naming our party the "Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics?" Evidently they have in mind the fact that the Soviet Union is made up of 16 Soviet socialist republics. But it is well known that this fact is recorded in the Stalin Constitution, which is the fundamental law of our state.

It seems to me that their recommendation can hardly be deemed correct because the name "Communist Party of the Soviet Union" is the most precise, short and general. It truly and succinctly expresses both the nature of our party and the name of our state. Their proposal is evidently dictated by a desire to retain the element of the old name of the Party which stressed that our party is "all-Union." ...

The words " Communist Party of the Soviet Union" fully and graphically express the monolithic nature of our party, its unity and the indestructibility of the bonds which join all Communists in our multinational state. Hence I consider that the name of the Party proposed in the draft Statutes is the only right one.

Further, I should like to express my opinion on another comment by Comrade Lebedev on the draft revised Statutes. He proposes to supplement Article 3 with a new point to the effect that "a Communist is under obligation to protect socialist property vigilantly. A conciliatory attitude toward pilferers of socialist property must be stated to be incompatible with Party membership." The same addition was advanced by Comrade Iosifyan, whose proposal was published in Pravda Sept. 14.

... Some local Party and Soviet officials are not devoting proper attention to strengthening and augmenting communal socialist property. They are not waging a resolute struggle to guard socialist property and they tolerate the fact that crooks, rascals, squanderers, etc., sometimes operate unhindered. Communists are encountered who, despite all their honesty and devotion, fail to realize that an indifferent attitude toward the pilfering of public property is a stain on the high title of Party member.

This is why I believe that there must be a point in Article 3 about the protection of socialist property. The Statutes must stipulate that the protection of socialist property is a sacred duty and cardinal obligation of the Party member, that an indifferent and conciliatory attitude toward pilferers of socialist property is incompatible with Party membership. A provision for protection of socialist property must also find reflection in one of the points of Article 57, dealing with the tasks of primary Party organizations.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Concerning Article 1 of Statutes. (By Party Member I. Vlasov. Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 4. 600 words. Condensed text:) Leningrad-- ... I wish to express my opinion on the definition of the Party contained in the first article of the draft revised Statutes. It seems to me that we should not scrap the comprehensive description of the class nature of our party contained in the present Statutes. I have in mind the phrase which says that the Party is the advanced, organized detachment of the working class of the U.S.S.R., the highest form of its class organization. The draft revised Statutes omit this statement.

Of course, the triumph of socialism has resulted in a great rapprochement between the working class and the peasantry in our country. ... But does this mean that the Party has ceased to be the party of the working class, its vanguard? I do not think so. ...

The Soviet state goes through various stages and periods in its development. But its class nature, its historic mission, remain unchanged so long as classes and class differences exist: it has been and remains a state in which the guiding role belongs to the working class. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Remarks on Frequency of Convening Plenary Sessions and Conferences. (By A. Avezklychev, Secretary of the Ashkhabad City Committee. Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 4. 650 words. Condensed text:) Ashkhabad-- ... The draft revised Statutes state that 'plenary sessions of city or district committees are convened not less than once a month.'

It seems to me that such frequent convening of plenary sessions would somewhat complicate the work of the Party committees, especially where the cities are divided into districts [boroughs]. The reason is that a great deal of preparatory work is involved in convening a plenary session. ...

The frequent convening of plenary sessions of district and city committees also complicates the work of the primary Party organizations. A plenary session of a city or district committee discusses important questions of Party life. As a rule these questions have to be discussed in the primary Party organizations, but since there must be two plenary sessions each month in cities divided into districts (a plenary session of the city committee and a plenary session of the district [borough] committee), the primary Party organizations therefore have to convene two meetings each month merely to discuss the resolutions of these plenary sessions. Moreover, the primary Party organizations also discuss the resolutions of the province committee plenary sessions and of the plenary sessions of the Central Committee of the republic Communist Party. This poses the question of when the primary Party organizations will be able to discuss their own affairs, the matters which they bring up themselves.

In this connection I propose that the plenary sessions of the city or district [borough] Party committees be convened not less than once every two months. I repeat that I have in mind primarily cities which are divided into districts [boroughs]. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--On Functions of Primary Party Organizations. (By N. Zherebin, Party Organizer for the Party Central Committee at the Stalin Automobile Plant. Pravda, Sept. 27, p. 4. 1400 words. Condensed text:) Moscow-- ... It seems to me that the section of the draft revised Statutes concerning primary Party organizations [units] does not define adequately enough the tasks and functions of the Party organizations at individual enterprises. I think that the general principle of the work of Party organizations, irrespective of the sector of economic and cultural work in which they are located, should be formulated in the Party Statutes. This principle consists of the fact that the primary

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organization must approach any question concerning its activity from the viewpoint of the interests of the Party and the state. Specifically, I propose that the following clause be introduced into the draft revised Party Statutes: "The primary Party organization must orient all its work to the general interests of the Party and state and be intolerant of all shortcomings preventing fulfillment of state plans. The interests of the Party and the state are the highest law by which every Party organization must be guided." ...

It is well known that the economy of the land of Soviets constitutes a single, complex and diversified organism. Disregard of the general interests of the state by an enterprise does harm in one degree or another to the entire national economy. However, one still quite often encounters cases when the interests of one's "own" factory, one's "own" enterprise gain the upper hand over the general interests of the state. This is expressed in particular in creation of excessive reserves of raw materials and supplies, in efforts to reduce quotas, etc.

It should be noted that some Party organizations sometimes find themselves hampered by individual inept business executives and countenance their antistate actions. Such instances occur even in the practical work of our plant: The heads of individual shops sometimes stop considering the interests of the enterprise as a whole (and consequently the interests of the state) and approach the job in hand from the viewpoint of the narrow interests of the shop. This July we encountered cases in which Comrade Shlenov, head of the assembly shop, and Comrade Ruchkin, secretary of the Party bureau, were responsible for each other's work and covered up each other's wrong actions. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Proposals on Individual Questions. --From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Sept. 27, p. 4. 1100 words. Condensedtext:) Pravda continues to receive a large number of letters from Communists. A considerable number of the letters contain proposals regarding the rights and duties of primary organizations and of district and city Party committees. ...

Comrade B. Gubin ( Orel) holds that Party meetings at which admission to the Party takes place must be open, with nonParty people participating. He writes: "In a number of instances the admission of new members and candidates to the Party takes place at closed Party meetings. The impression is thus given that when admitting people to its ranks the Party organization shies away from non-Party people and conceals from them who is admitted and when. However, the Party not only does not shy away from non-Party people but in all its work relies upon their support. ..."

Comrade P. Snetkov ( Moscow) proposes that the Statutes be supplemented with a provision to the effect that "whoever fails to obtain two-thirds of the votes during the election of Party bodies at a Party conference or Party meeting, cannot be elected secretary of a primary Party organization or first secretary of a territory, province, city or district committee."

P. Petrov ( Moscow) considers that in the interest of strict observance of Party and state discipline it is necessary to prohibit the maintenance of secretaries of shop Party organizations at the expense of the enterprise. He writes: "There are still many such instances; they are well known to the district and city committees, but nobody wants to comment on them or take measures to bring to book Party and economic officials who violate the decrees of the Soviet government." ...

Comrade V. Murnin (Barnaul) draws attention to the fact that the present structure and organization of the work of local Party and Soviet bodies is such that it gives rise to parallelism. The author holds that "the existence of an agricultural department under the district Party committee and a department of agriculture under the district executive committee creates conditions for parallelism, duplication and dual supervision of practical affairs of agriculture in the districts." ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--My Refutations of A. Popov. (By Party Member V. Bykov. Pravda, Sept. 27, p. 4. 900 words. Condensed text:) In the article "Necessary Additions and Clarifications," published in Pravda Sept. 4, Comrade A. Popov expresses dissatisfaction with the definition of the Party given in Article 1 of the draft revised Party Statutes. He recommends that the draft Statutes be supplemented with a statement to the effect that the Communist Party unites the best, advanced people and that it be worded as follows:

"The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is a voluntary militant union of Communists holding the same views, formed of the best, most advanced people of the working class, of the working peasantry and the working intelligentsia."

The author motivates his amendment by saying that his definition of the Party would "reflect more precisely the wellknown provision that our party is a political organization not of the entire Soviet people but only of its advanced part, its vanguard."

First, there can be no agreement with Comrade Popov that our Communist Party is not a party of the entire Soviet people. It is well known that we have no other parties but the Communist Party in our country. It is also well known that the entire Soviet people regard the Communist Party as their own party, to whose guidance it has voluntarily entrusted its destiny.

The second thing that follows from Comrade Popov's statement is the division of Soviet people into better and worse. The moral-political unity achieved in Soviet society does not permit such categories to be set up for Soviet citizens. There are of course relatively less social-minded and active builders of the new society among the country's workers, peasants and intelligentsia, but they can by no means be segregated from the other working people by the term "worse." ...

I consider that the definition of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union as a voluntary militant union of Communists holding the same views, formed of people of the working class, the working peasants and the working intelligentsia, is correct, profound, scientific and not in need of further refinement. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Introduce Statement on Party Press in Statutes. (By Party Member G. Ponik . Pravda, Sept. 27, p. 4. 750 words. Condensed text:) Proskurov-- ... I have made a careful study of the draft revised Statutes and the theses of the report by Comrade N. S. Khrushchev, Secretary of the Central Committee of the AllUnion Communist Party, to the 19th Party Congress, and it seems to me that a statement concerning the Party press should be added to the Statutes. The reason is that we still encounter quite a few instances in which certain Party committees exercise poor supervision over their press organs, devote little attention to problems of the selection, placement and training of newspapermen, do not always react in the Party manner to articles in the press and do not shield workerand peasant-correspondents and journalists from suppressors of criticism. ... While I approve of the draft revised Party Statutes as a whole, I consider it expedient to add the following statement to the Statutes:

"The Soviet press is a mighty weapon of the party of Lenin and Stalin in the struggle to build a communist society in our country. Party committees must:

"(a) exercise constant Party supervision of their press organs, seeing that every newspaper is a genuine collective propagandist, agitator and organizer of the masses;

"(b) assist the comprehensive development of criticism and self-criticism in the press and react promptly both to favorable and critical articles in the newspapers and magazines;

"(c) discipline through Party channels, even to the point of expulsion, Communists who persecute worker- and peasantcorrespondents and other newspapermen who rightly criticize shortcomings in the work of Party and Soviet bodies and shortcomings in the work of individual officials."

It seems to me that such an addition to the Party Statutes would greatly increase the responsibility of the Party committees for the ideological content of their press and raise still higher the role of the press in the struggle to build communism in our country.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Proposals on Individual Questions. --From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Oct. 2, p. 4. 1800 words. Condensed text:) In letters to Pravda Communists unanimously and warmly approve the draft revised Party Statutes. The writers of a number of letters recommend supplementing Article 1 of the draft revised Party Statutes with a statement that the Communist Party of the

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Soviet Union is guided in its work by the theory of MarxismLeninism. ...

Some letters from Communists recommend additions and changes in Article 3 of the Statutes, dealing with the duties of Party members. Comrade Ye. Sharashkin ( Volhynia Province) holds that a prime duty of a Party member is to fight for strictest observance of Party and state discipline and that Point (f) be supplemented by the following statement:

"It is the duty of a Party member to place the interests of socialist society above personal interests. The placing of personal interests first, to the detriment of social interests, is a major evil and incompatible with continued Party membership." ...

Many comrades recommend the addition of a point in Article 3 of the draft revised Statutes requiring Party members to fight constantly for the protection and development of public, socialist property. ...

Comrade D. Fayants ( Kishinev) recommends that the following addition be made to Article 3 of the Statutes:

"It is the duty of a Party member to conduct an irreconcilable struggle against all manifestations of bourgeois ideology. Violation of the principles of Marxist-Leninist party allegiance in the sphere of ideology, the adulation of bourgeois culture, nationalism, cosmopolitanism, indifference to politics, bourgeois objectivism or a conciliatory attitude to such phenomena constitute a deviation from Marxism-Leninism and are incompatible with Party membership." ...

Comrade A. Kozyrev (Moldavian Republic) writes: "While supporting in every way and widely developing Bolshevist self-criticism and criticism from below, it is necessary to bear in mind the attempts of individual dishonest persons to use this keen weapon for their own selfish aims, to the detriment of the Party. ...

"Therefore, in our opinion Point (1) of Section 3 should be slightly amended and formulated as follows: 'To be truthful and honest before the Party and never permit concealment or distortion of truth. Untruthfulness of a Communist toward the Party and slander are grave misdeeds incompatible with Party membership'." ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. -- Concerning Duties of Party Organizations at Higher Educational Institutions. (By Party Member A. Kosichev. Pravda, Oct. 2, p. 4. 450 words. Condensed text:) Moscow -- In view of the specific nature of the work of higher educational institutions, the recommendations made by certain comrades about granting the Party organizations of higher educational institutions the right to check on the work of the administration must be declared incorrect. ...

In our opinion there is no reason for granting the primary Party organizations of educational institutions the right to check on the work of the administration. The practical result of this may be that the students will interfere in the work of the administration, the professors and the lecturers, which will have the inevitable effect of weakening academic discipline. In the long run the crux of the matter is not whether or not the primary Party organization of an educational institution enjoys the right of checking up. What is important is that it should follow the life of the educational institution constantly and help the administration to raise standards of educational work. Lack of the right of check by no means reduces the responsibility of the primary organization for the work of the educational institution. It must raise the question of shortcomings in the work of the administration before higher Party and Soviet bodies. ...

It is desirable to define in the Party Statutes the forms and content of the check exercised by Party organizations over the work of enterprise administrations. It seems to us that control should be directed primarily toward checking on fulfillment of state assignments by enterprises, on their fulfillment of Party resolutions. Actually, however, some local Party organizations quite often embark on the path of narrow business control. In any case many Communists do not yet have a full, clear notion of this question.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--An Unacceptable Amendment. (By S. Tarasov, Secretary of the Kostroma City Party Committee. Pravda, Oct. 2, p. 4. 850 words. Condensed text:) Kostroma -- Article 52 of the draft revised Party Statutes provides for convening plenary sessions of city and district [borough] Party committees not less than once a month. Certain Party officials, in particular Comrade Avezklychev, Secretary of the Ashkhabad City Party Committee, and earlier Comrade Lebedev, Secretary of the Dzerzhinsky District [Borough] Party Committee in the city of Moscow, voiced objection in Pravda to the periods set in the draft for convening plenary sessions.

The comrades motivated their objections by saying that such 'frequent' convening of plenary sessions would overload the apparatus of the city and district committees with all sorts of preparatory measures, requiring a great deal of time of functionaries in the Party apparatus and preventing them from organizing local work. Comrade Avezklychev, for example, writes that "such frequent convening of plenary sessions would somewhat complicate the work of the Party committees."

Such considerations can hardly be taken seriously.

Comrade Avezklychev in essence upholds the faulty practice that has developed in certain organizations, where many extremely important matters of Party work are decided not by the full membership of the Party committee but by the bureau or the secretaries of the committees. The calling of plenary sessions once every two months does not make it possible for the members of the city committee and district committees to take an active part in the work of these committees, it restricts their rights, tends to weaken the link of the Party committees with the Party organizations and creates conditions for supplanting true Party work methods with bureaucratic methods.

Plenary sessions of district and city committees should be held not less than once a month and all major questions of Party work should be brought up for discussion at them. This will make it possible to make full use in Party work of the experience and knowledge of all members of the city and district committees and will increase their responsibility for the state of affairs in the Party organization. This also fits in with the tasks of further expanding criticism and selfcriticism, of further implementing inner Party democracy, of the principle of teamwork in leadership. It will also improve Party organizational and political work.

It seems to me that Comrade Avezklychev's fear that the convening of plenary sessions not less than once a month would "complicate" the work of the Party apparatus is unfounded. ...

Comrade Avezklychev is not right in assuming that the convening of plenary sessions not less than once a month would complicate the work of the primary Party organizations because they would allegedly have to hold two meetings every month solely to discuss the results of the plenary sessions. It seems to us that it is necessary to scrap the stereotyped practice whereby all decisions reached by the plenary session of city and district committees are, without exception, specially discussed at meetings of the primary Party organizations. There are decisions which concern all primary Party organizations but there are also those which concern, let us say, only industrial or only school Party organizations, etc. Why should such decisions be discussed by all Party organizations? It is sufficient to inform the Communists about them so that they may be conversant with the work of the Party committee. ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. -- For Strict Observance of Party Discipline. (By P. Shestakov, Secretary of the Frunze Borough Party Committee. Pravda, Oct. 2, p. 4. 850 words. Condensed text:) Kuibyshev-- ... We still have Communists who assume that there are two disciplines in the Party: one for rank-and-file members and another for officials. ... Individual Party organizations are not strict enough with such Communists, and in quite a few cases Party organizations have "excused" incorrect behavior or ignoring of Party resolutions by Communists who are the heads of enterprises, higher educational institutions and organizations. Sometimes not only the heads of primary Party organizations but also of district Party committees flatter the ego of individual officials, glossing over their mistakes and shielding them from criticism.

Several instances of abuse of office were disclosed recently in Frunze Borough, Kuibyshev. Certain Communist managerial officials began to build houses and summer homes for themselves with state assets and supplies. In the Kuibyshev Gas Trust, for example, Communist Ivovich, the chief engineer,

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spent large state funds on the construction of apartments for himself and certain of his cronies. Instead of training executive personnel in the spirit of strict observance of discipline, the heads of the Kuibyshev Gas Trust Party organization adopted a tolerant attitude toward the Communist managerial officials who had violated discipline. The facts indicate that indecision and a tolerant attitude are manifested in certain other primary Party organizations when the incorrect behavior of administrative officials of organizations, institutions, etc., should be condemned. It is characteristic that cases of abuse of office by individual officials, of violation of Party and state discipline, are examined only at the bureaus of the province, city and district Party committees. The Kuibyshev city committee, for example, has more than once informed the secretaries of the primary Party organizations of Frunze Borough that all questions concerning responsible officials are to be examined by the city committee itself, without the participation of the primary Party organizations. It sometimes happens, therefore, that the primary Party organizations know about compromising actions by officials but do not take them up.

Why do certain local Party bodies deprive the primary Party organizations of the opportunity of discussing various members of the Party organization if they are administrative officials? There are no grounds for this at all. Therefore we consider it advisable to stress in the Statutes that the primary Party organization has the right to discuss the incorrect actions of Communist executives of economic, Soviet and other organizations. It is true that essentially this right is implied in the duties of Party members which are formulated in the draft Statutes. But specific emphasis of this right would make it possible to put a more rapid end to incorrect practices.

Another comment: Article 11 of the draft revised Statutes states that the primary Party organization cannot adopt resolutions to expel a Communist from the Party if he is a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of a Union republic, or a member of a territory, province, region, city or district Party committee. Although I consider this provision of the draft correct, I would recommend that a special reservation be made to the effect that the primary Party organization can and must discuss the question of misdemeanor by any of its members and bring this to the notice of higher Party bodies. This would further strengthen Party discipline, increase the authority of the primary Party organization and make Communists who are members of Party committees maintain closer contact with the masses and work actively in their Party organizations.

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS.--Proposals on Individual Question. --From Letters Received by the Editors. ( Pravda, Oct 5, p. 4.1800 words. Condensed text:) The authors of several of the letters received by Pravda object to some statements and recommendations made by Communists in previously published materials. ...

Comrade S. Shepelev ( Moscow) objects to recommendations to include in the Statutes a point on the duty of a Party member to protect socialist property because, in his opinion, protection of public property is the duty not only of Party members but of all citizens of our country.

Comrade A. Petrov ( Gorky) believes that it is necessary to state the following in the Statutes: 'He who uses criticism for malicious, slanderous personal purposes commits a crime against the Party and cannot be a member of the Party." ...

Comrade V. Ustimenko ( Poltava Province) wishes that every village should have one primary Party organization uniting all Communists working in that village (collective farmers, employees, etc.).

Comrade O. Petrov ( Stavropol) holds that all primary Party organizations should exercise the right of check on the work of the enterprise management. ...

Comrade I. Litvinov expresses the opinion that the frequency of Party meetings should be laid down in the Party Statutes.

Comrade D. Nikolayev ( Moscow) proposes "to dissolve the Party collegiums of the city Party committees as being intervening levels between the Party collegiums of the province committees. The existence of Party collegiums of the city Party committees causes delays in examining the files on Communists. Under the present system the files go through seven different levels: the bureau of the primary Party organization, the general meeting of Communists, the district committee, the Party collegium of the city Party committee, the bureau of the city committee, the Party collegium of the province Party committee and the bureau of the province Party committee." ...

Comrade P. Zemlyanoi ( Zhdanov) recommends a supplement to Article 14 of the draft Statutes, stating that a Party member who has been reprimanded for an error, corrects the error and has the reprimand rescinded by the Party organization enjoys all rights of a Party member without exception. The author of the letter explains his recommendation by stating that it often happens that a Communist makes amends and has a reprimand rescinded but that the reprimand is inevitably mentioned during elections to Party bodies or when a report on the Communist is drawn up.

Comrade B. Avilov ( Saratov) believes it necessary to add the following point to Article 14:

"Party meetings which handle the matter of behavior by Party members must be open meetings. Open Party meetings are convened in every instance by the permission of the district Party committee. " ...

MATERIALS FOR 19TH PARTY CONGRESS. -- On the Sponsors to the Party. (By P. Demidenko, Secretary of the Klimov District Party Committee. Pravda, Oct. 5, p. 4. 750 words. Excerpt:) Voroshilovgrad-- ... In order to join the Party, a prospective member must have three recommendations from Communists who have known him not less than one year at their common place of work.

The draft provides that the sponsors bear responsibility for the quality of their recommendations, meaning that they must know the new member thoroughly and be profoundly convinced that he will bear the great title of member of the Communist Party with honor and dignity. In order to protect the Party from infiltration by unworthy persons, greater stress should be laid in the Statutes on the responsibility of Communists who recommend prospective members. ...

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IV. CONGRESSES IN THE REPUBLICS

I. The Ukraine

MELNIKOV'S REPORT

REPORT OF CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF COMMUNIST PARTY (OF BOLSHEVIKS) OF THE UKRAINE. --Speech by Comrade L. G. Melnikov, Secretary of Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee, at 17th Congress of Ukraine Communist Party, Sept. 24, 1952. ( Pravda Ukrainy, Sept. 25, pp. 1-5. 23,000 words. Condensed text:) ... COMPLETION OF RECONSTRUCTION AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY. -- ... Last year the productivity of labor increased 49% compared to 1948 the year of the 16th Congress of the Ukraine Communist Party] and 26% compared to 1940. ...

In coal mining the attention of Party organizations has been concentrated on carrying out the government's resolutions on raising the productivity of tabor, strengthening technical management in Donets Basin mines and reorganizing vein work on a cyclical basis.

More than a third of all Donets Basin veins have now been converted to work according to a cyclical schedule. The number of engineers in the mines has been increased 50% since 1948 and the number of technicians has doubled. The hauling of coal has been speeded up and the pace of excavation has increased more than 34% and has considerably surpassed the prewar speed.

The introduction of coal combines and coal-loading machines made it possible to mechanize the major labor-consuming processes. The mines are now equipped with powerful and perfected cutting machines, stope conveyers, heavy electric locomotives and other mining equipment that permits full mechanization of cutting and extracting the coal, hauling it out and loading it on railroad cars.

In the past three years the coal production plan has been fulfilled 100.4% and the plan for coking coal 101.5%. The Donets Basin now produces 15% more coal than before the war.

Steelworkers in the republic have secured increased productivity of equipment by perfecting technology and organization of work. In 1951, 1.02 tons of pig iron were smelted per cubic meter of blast furnace, compared with 0.94 tons in 1948. Steel smelted per square meter of hearth in openhearth furnaces increased from 4.96 to 5.72 tons. The production of high-quality metal and of new, complex types of rotted steel was mastered.

There has been a considerable development of the raw material base of ferrous metallurgy -- the Krivoi Rog iron ore deposits and the Nikopol manganese deposits. The average daily production of iron ore has now surpassed the prewar rate by almost 50% and the production of manganese ore has increased 35%.

Ukraine iron and steel enterprises overcame their long lag and overfuffilled the six-month plan for 1952 in all categories. The coal tar and fireproof materials industry is being developed with success.

Machine builders have been able to fulfill the state plan and in recent years have put into production more than 740 new machine tools, machines, instruments and mechanisms. Construction of heavy-duty excavators with a scoop capacity of 15 cubic meters, of diesel and garden tractors, of powerful long-haul diesel locomotives, of heavy-duty and specialized machine tools, of tractor-drawn agricultural machinery, of high-precision instruments and of mining machines has been put in order.

The development of industrial production in the republic has been accompanied by a growth in power capacity and an improvement in the operation of power stations and networks. In three years the capacity of power stations has been increased 63.8% and the output of electricity 86.3%. The growth of power capacity, however, still lags behind the increased demands of the national economy. ...

One of the greatest shortcomings in the activity of ministries and departments and in many province and city Party committees is evaluation of the work of enterprises on the basis of over-all figures. In machine building, the industry-wide plan was fulfilled last year, but one-fifth of the plants did not carry out their tasks. The Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Plant, the Kharkov Turbogenerator Plant and the October Revolution Plant in Odessa particularly lagged in fulfillment of plans.

In 1951 a large number of Donets Basin mines failed to cope with their tasks.

Why is it that some enterprises overfulfill their plans month after month while others can never achieve smooth production? Everything depends on the management and on ability to use equipment and to organize people for plan ful-

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fillment. We may take as an example mines No. 6--6a in the Kadiyevka Coal Trust, managed by Comrade Puchnov.

Within three and one-half years seven managers and eight chief engineers were removed and dozens of section foremen were transferred at this mine. This gave rise to irresponsibility and led to a collapse of labor discipline and production discipline. Output quotas were not fulfilled by 24% of the workers in the mine, the productivity of cutting machines scarcely reached 90% of the assigned level and the plan for preparatory work was fulfilled only 45% to 65%. The mine now produces only one-fourth of its planned capacity. ...

The capacity of enterprises in many branches of industry is still low and advantage is not taken of major potentialities. This can be illustrated by the work of two open-hearth shops in 1951, operating under comparable production conditions:

            Zaporozhye Steel    Shop No. 1,

Kirov Steel Mill

Average tons of steel smelted

per furnace   137,600         117,900

Monthly average tons of steel

output per worker    132.6 84.9

Average length of smelting

period (hours)          10.6    11.6

Kilograms of fuel used per

ton of steel    191     219

Cost reduction per year

(rubles saved or overex-

pended)         5,900,000 saved      24,000,000 over

... The workers in Zaporozhye Steel have undoubtedly achieved good results in smelting. But Plant Director Boborynkin and Party Committee Secretary Khromykh should know that in the use of blast furnace equipment they lag considerably behind the Dneprodzerzhinsk workers, who obtained 1.2 tons of pig iron per cubic meter of blast furnace space, while the Zaporozhye workers obtained only 1.03 tons.

Unsatisfactory utilization of opportunities for raising labor productivity is a serious defect in the work of industry.

In machine-building plants only 10% of the machine tools have been converted to rapid-cutting methods. A large amount of idle time occurs. ...

Many enterprises are not coping with tasks of lowering costs. A number of machine-building plants, including the Kramatorsk Machine Tool Plant, the Molotov Plant in Kharkov and others did not fulfill cost reduction plans in 1951.

We have not yet eliminated instances of antistate activity on the part of managers. Cases of fraud and deceit of the state were discovered last year at the Kharkov Hammer and Sickle Plant, the Kirovograd Red Star Plant and a number of other enterprises. But evidently these have not served as an example for certain managers. This year managers of the October Revolution Plant in Odessa raised production figures by 2,800,000 rubles in their report to the state for 1951. Antistate acts have also occurred in certain other enterprises.

We cannot pass over serious shortcomings in the work of construction organizations. Many of them, especially the Ministry of Heavy Industry Enterprise Construction and the Ministry of Machine-Building Enterprise Construction, still work very poorly and do not fulfill plans for completing important industrial and housing projects. Plans for raising labor productivity and lowering building costs at the building projects are not fulfilled. Poorly built projects with major defects are often put into operation.

Planning organizations still work poorly, often drawing up plans and estimates behind schedule and with defects. The Ukraine Council of Ministers' Administration on Architectural Affairs guides the republic's planning organizations unsatisfactorily and furnishes weak supervision over architecture and building. The Ukraine Republic Academy of Architecture has not yet become a center for the solution of scientific construction problems and poorly disseminates the experience of leading architects and builders.

The large amount of construction going on in the republic still suffers an acute shortage of building materials. The Ministry of the Building Materials Industry and building industry enterprises in the Ministry of Housing and Municipal Construction are not fulfilling production plans for brick, shell rock, the, gypsum, concrete blocks, asbestos-cement slabs, dry plaster and other items. Many building materials, especially brick, are of low quality.

The work of republic, local and cooperative industries exhibits major shortcomings. Many enterprises do not fulfill production plans, especially for variety of output. In 1951 the plan was fulfilled for only 217 of 465 important types of articles.

The struggle to raise the quality of consumers' goods is especially unsatisfactorily waged. In the shoe industry a large number of articles are produced of extremely low quality and meet no demand among the public.

Enterprises in the Ministries of Light, Local, Food, and Meat and Dairy Industries and the Ukraine Industrial Cooperative Council have especially large losses from defective goods, low-quality production and wasteful expenditure. ...

Bureaucracy and red tape, causing great harm, have not yet been eliminated everywhere. Last year the Ukraine Republic Council of Ministers adopted a resolution on shipping live fish to cities in the republic. After receiving the government's resolution, Minister of the Fishing Industry Lushnikov took 110 days to compose an order on this question. It took Comrade Lushnikov 129 days to bring to the attention of enterprise managers another resolution--on shortcomings in the financial and economic activity of the ministry! ...

COMPLETION OF RECONSTRUCTION AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALIST AGRICULTURE.-- ... Total sown area in the republic in 1952 was 1,676,000 hectares above that in 1948. There was a 445,000-hectare increase in sowings of technical crops, primarily cotton and sugar beets, surpassing the prewar area. The area under fodder crops increased 2,600,000 hectares, that is, to double the prewar level.

The Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee directed the attention of Party organizations to the necessity of considerably expanding the sown area and raising the productivity of winter wheat, the most important food crop. The area sown to winter wheat was 2,300,000 hectares above 1948 and almost 2,000,000 above 1940. This raised the total wheat yield considerably. This autumn collective farms are expanding the area under this crop by another 1,000,000 hectares.

Raising the productivity of winter wheat to 20 or more centners per hectare and increasing its total yield are very important tasks of Party organizations and Soviet and agricultural agencies. ...

The sugar beet area in the republic has grown 84,000 hectares since 1940, or 10%, and yield has been raised considerably; 45,500,000 more poods of sugar were obtained from the beet harvest of 1951 than that of 1940. ...

We still have not taken advantage of all possibilities of raising the sugar beet yield. In Kiev Province, for instance, the plan for sugar beet deliveries to the state has not been fulfilled a single year since the war because of lack of interest in growing this crop. Collective farms in a number of districts of Vinnitsa, Poltava and Kirovograd Provinces have also obtained poor beet harvests. In 1951, 2077 collective farms in the republic delivered to sugar refineries less than 150 centners of beets per hectare. The same year 1136 collective farms delivered more than 250 centners per hectare, that is, they reached the level established for the end of the present fiveyear plan. ...

The Ukraine occupies second place in the Soviet Union, next to Uzbekistan, in cotton area, and is the leading area in cotton growing on unwatered land. Although we have achieved a considerable expansion of the sown area of cotton and have increased deliveries of raw cotton, we nevertheless have not fulfilled the state plan for cotton deliveries for a number of years. Party organizations in Odessa and Nikolayev Provinces have done especially poor work on the development of cotton growing.

The new five-year plan provides for cotton yields of not less than five to seven centners per hectare on unwatered land, and for yields of not less than 11 to 13 centners on watered land. This requires better methods of cotton cultivation, especially an improvement of cultivation and widespread introduction of complex mechanization. A pressing task of scientific research institutions and agricultural specialists

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is to introduce new strains of cotton that will ripen earlier and will have longer fibers and larger bolls, including strains for irrigated areas. ...

As a result of fulfillment of the three-year plan for development of communal productive animal husbandry, livestock on the republic's collective farms has increased considerably and has surpassed the prewar level. ...

In several provinces, however, the three-year plan was not fulfilled for cattle, swine and poultry. Nikolayev, Kherson and Zaporozhye Provinces showed the greatest lag.

The principal shortcoming in the development of communal animal husbandry is its extremely low meat and dairy yields. Milk yields were particularly low on Zhitomir, KamenetsPodolsk, Volhynia and Ternopol Province collective farms.

Comrades, the Party and government devote particular attention to problems of mechanizing all branches of agriculture as the most important means of raising the productivity of labor and increasing the output of agricultural products. ...

At present 1386 Machine and Tractor Stations and specialized machine stations are operating in the republic. Machine and Tractor Stations have become strong state enterprises, doing about 80% of all field work. They are a decisive force in collective farm production, and the success of the functioning of collective farms and the well-being of collective farmers depend to a great extent upon their work.

One must point out, however, that certain Machine and Tractor Stations do not observe their contractual obligations to collective farms. They violate schedules, permit the most important agricultural work to be carried out poorly, and fail to fulfill plans for cultivation between the rows, for harvesting grain with combines and for turning fallow land. Machine and Tractor Stations are carrying out the mechanization of laborconsuming work at animal husbandry farm sections very poorly.

[An enumeration of tasks in the mechanization of agriculture follows.] ...

In three years 1211 rural power plants have been built and put in operation. We must intensify the construction of hydroelectric stations and of fuel-operated power plants using local fuel. ...

The construction of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station and the Southern Ukraine Canal opens broad perspectives for the further development of agriculture in the southern areas of the Ukraine.

The soil of the Ukraine steppe is among the richest in the country, but frequent droughts, dry winds and dust storms inflict great damage upon agriculture. Suffice it to state that of the past 60 years, 20 were dry. ...

This year the construction of the first section of the Kamenka Irrigation System has already been completed. Construction of the Upper Ingulets Irrigation System has begun and work on the Lower Ingulets System will begin in 1953. These should go into operation by the end of the five-year plan. In order to make use of the irrigated land in the area of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station and the Southern Ukraine Canal we must instruct tens of thousands of persons in the fundamentals of irrigation farming.

The development of agriculture in the Polessie area, almost one-fifth of the Ukraine's territory, is of great importance to the republic. Many collective farms in Polessie are still economically weak, gather poor harvests and have low meat and dairy yields. Poor farming technique is the reason for this. Managers in certain districts and collective farms of Polessie, enslaved by outmoded tradition and routine, try to attribute the agricultural lag to lack of soil fertility. Yes, the Polessie soil is not rich. But the science of agronomy and collective farm practice have worked out reliable means of raising the fertility of Polessie soil. This involves applying manure and peat, lupinizing, soving grass, spreading lime and plowing deeper. Polessie collective farms have great possibilities of developing diversified agriculture.

Amelioration work is of particular importance in improving agriculture in Polessie. We must conduct marsh drainage work during this five-year plan, particularly in the Polessie lowlands. Putting this land to use will make possible a considerable increase in the area of fertile plowland and highly productive meadows and pastures.

The completion of collectivization of agriculture in the western provinces is a major victory of our Party organization. On the basis of solid collectivization of these provinces the kulak class was liquidated and a crushing blow was inflicted upon the remnants of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists. ...

Comrades, the problems of the organizational and economic strengthening of collective farms have occupied a large place in the work of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee . The amalgamation of small collective farms represented an important stage in collective farm development during the period of the report. ...

In 1950, that is, before amalgamation, there were 33,653 collective farms in the Ukraine. Now there are 16,015.

The amalgamation of collective farms made it possible to improve their management, to strengthen the ranks of their trained personnel and to create conditions for more productive use of tractors, combines and other machines. Labor discipline was improved in the collective farms, the communal economy is growing and becoming stronger and workday payments to collective farmers are being increased.

Within the past three years the indivisible funds of collective farms have increased by 4,000,000,000 rubles, or 48% compared to 1940; collective farm income grew 4,200,000,000 rubles during these three years and surpassed the prewar level by 76%.

Many collective farms in the Ukraine, however, fail to make full use of their potentialities for development of the communal economy. This is evident from a comparison of the work results of two millionaire collective farms in 1951-the Lenin Collective Farm, Chemerovtsy District, KarnenetsPodolsk Province ( Chairman, Comrade Boiko), and the Kirov Collective Farm, Gorodok District, the same province ( Chairman, Comrade Khoptenets). These have equal amounts of land under cultivation and are situated in identical soil and climate areas. The money income of the first was 3,159,000 rubles and of the second 1,113,000 rubles.

            Lenin Farm   Kirov Farm

Indivisible funds per hectare of

Plowland       1551 rubles 435

Money income per hectare of

Plowland       1237 rubles 355

Income per hectare of sugar beets          6411 rubles 3138

Income per hectare of orchard      8830 rubles 427

Income per hectare of market

Garden          7024 rubles 743

Milk yield per forage cow   2542 liters     813

Money income per cow      1931 rubles 210

Money income per sow      1054 rubles 58

Grain distributed per workday       2 kg.   1

Money distributed per workday    3.10 rubles    1.60

... The existence of great unused potentialities in the republic's agriculture is proved by the fact that almost 5000 collective farms have no orchards, berry patches or vineyards, 2130 collective farms do not have apiaries and more than half of the collective farms have no ponds or reservoirs and do not develop fish breeding. ...

The Collective Farm Statutes comprise the foundation of collective farm life and development. Violation of the Statutes seriously impairs the further advance of the collective farms' communal economy and runs counter to the interests of the conscientious collective farmers. Party organizations have conducted important work on elimination of Statute violations, but in various provinces and certain districts cases of squandering communal land and pilfering collective farm property still take place.

A particularly large number of violations of the Collective Farm Statutes have been tolerated in Ternopol Province, where the province Party committee secretary, Comrade Profatilov, has not only conducted a poor campaign against violators but has even grossly violated the Statutes himself. ...

Gross violations of the Collective Farm Statutes have been discovered also in a number of districts in Odessa, Poltava, Lvov and Stanislav Provinces. They have taken place also in various collective farms in other provinces.

It is necessary to eliminate completely all violations of the

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Collective Farm Statutes, to discover all channels through which collective farm property could be embezzeled and to guard collective farms against encroachments upon communal land and property, which constitute the vital basis of the collective farm system. ...

The future advance of agriculture requires the elimination of serious shortcomings in the work of agricultural agencies. The Ukraine Republic Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Cotton Growing and their local agencies do little work on the problems of strengthening the organization and economy of collective farms and on the prospects of developing agriculture. These ministries are not always familiar with the situation locally.

More than 64,000 agronomists, zootechnicians and other agricultural specialists work in the republic. This is a great force. But the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Cotton Growing still devote little attention to work with specialists and do not attempt to improve their qualifications. ...

GROWTH OF MATERIAL WELL-BEING OF THE WORKING PEOPLE. -- ... [Since 1948] 8,800,000 square meters [floor space] of housing have been built or reconstructed in cities and workers' settlements in the Ukraine. The socialized housing facilities have now surpassed the prewar level. In villages, 270,000 houses for collective farmers and 10,000 buildings for cultural and everyday services were constructed. The reconstruction of many cities has been completed and entire settlements have been rebuilt. The length of streetcar and trolley lines has grown and the residents of 29 cities now use gas. ...

Medical services to the public are being improved. During the period of the report 385 hospitals were built and put into operation in cities and rural localities in the republic. The number of maternity homes on collective farms has doubled. There are now 464 sanatoriums and rest homes in the republic, which were visited by about 350,000 persons in 1951.

The younger generation is surrounded by special care and attention. There are now about 3000 kindergartens in the Ukraine, able to care for 152,000 children. Last year Young Pioneer camps and children's sanatoriums were attended by about 1,000,000 children. In 1952 children's vacations were organized on a still larger scale.

An increase in the birth rate is a significant indication of the growth in the material well-being of our people. In three years the population of the republic has increased by 2,600, 000. ...

The growth of the well-being of the working people can be illustrated by the following example. At the Rumyantsev Mine in Gorlovka the following buildings were constructed in the past three years: 101 houses, seven stores, a hospital, kindergarten, secondary school, bath house and stadium. In addition many workers built their own houses. A working person's average monthly wages during a year increased from 1107 rubles to 1450 rubles. Miners' wages were 2570 rubles and mine combine operators made up to 7000 rubles a month. In 1951 working people at the mine were paid 986,000 rubles in group bonus awards and 4,345,000 rubles in bonuses for long service and faultless work; 427 miners visited rest homes, sanatoriums and health resorts. In recent years people at the mine have acquired 55 Pobeda and Moskovich automobiles, 507 motorcycles and 570 bicycles. [The number of persons employed at the mine is not mentioned by the speaker.--Trans.] ...

The Ministry of Housing Construction and Communal Economy, the Soviet executive committees of many provinces, cities and districts and also a number of Party organizations, however, are not conducting the proper campaign for fulfillment of housing construction plans and for good maintenance of housing. Despite a shortage of housing, 372,000,000 rubles assigned for housing construction in the republic during the past three years were not used.

PARTY ORGANIZATIONAL AND PARTY POLITICAL WORK. --In the period since the 16th Congress of the Ukraine Communist Party, the Ukraine Party organization grew and gained strength in the struggle for new achievements in building communism.

On Sept. 1, 1952, there were 777,832 Communists in the Communist Party of the Ukraine, including 676,190 Party members (86.9%) and 101,642 candidates (13.1%). During the period of the report the number of Communists increased by 93,557, that is, 13.7%. The number of women in Party organizations increased. They now number 17.40% of the total membership.

Communists having higher, incomplete higher and secondary education make up 35.5% of the Party membership.

There are now 48,352 primary Party organizations in the republic, 587 more than there were at the time of the 16th Congress.

Placing of Party forces in the national economy has improved: 286,848 Party members and candidates, 36.9% of the Ukraine Communist Party's membership, work in industrial enterprises, transportation and construction; 138,054 Communists, or 17.7%, in agriculture; and 71,208, or 9.1% of the membership, in scientific and educational institutions and in the field of culture and the arts.

Party influence in rural areas in the republic's western provinces has been considerably strengthened. At the time of the 16th Congress there were 1128 primary Party units with 9037 Communists in villages of these provinces, but now there are 2581 units with 20,145 Communists, that is, more than twice as many. In Transcarpathia and Chernovtsy Province Party units have been set up in almost all collective farms. ...

During the period of the report 119,049 members were admitted to the Communist Party and 115,729 candidates. Party organizations have improved their work of selecting leading workers, collective farmers and representatives of the intelligentsia for Party membership.

It must be pointed out, nevertheless, that certain Party agencies poorly supervise admissions to the Party. A number of Party organizations have tolerated instances of seeking a large number of new members at the expense of qualitative strengthening of Party ranks. ...

One cannot count on success where the province, city or district Party committee continues to do everyone's work and to take upon itself the functions of Soviet and economic organizations. It is incorrect for province Party committees and Soviet executive committees to adopt joint resolutions on any economic question. But this is frequently done. The Sumy Province committee, for instance, adopted 386 resolutions jointly with the province Soviet executive committee in one year. It is true that the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee has also adopted many joint resolutions. Experience shows that this is undesirable. In addition, in practice the adoption of joint resolutions is conducive to irresponsibility.

The Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee has taken steps to improve the work of city and district Party committees and to strengthen them with politically trained and experienced Party officials. In the past three years 2204 graduates of the Ukraine Republic Party School and province Party schools were sent to city and district committees for executive work. This includes 759 city and district Party committee secretaries. In addition, 2240 city and district Party committee officials took one-year and ten-month refresher courses. Republic-wide conferences are conducted annually for first secretaries of rural district committees. These help raise the level of guidance in district committees and to spread good Party work experience. ...

It must be said that some province, city and district Party committees give insufficient encouragement to the development of criticism and self-criticism in Party organizations. There are still cases of suppression of criticism and persecution for criticism. This took place in particular in the work of the Kirovograd Province Party Committee. The province committee bureau and its first secretary, Comrade Pozanenko, tolerated red tape and in a number of cases did not heed criticism from below.

The Kamenka District Party Committee, Kirovograd Province, exhibited an un-Bolshevist attitude to warning signals from Communists. The secretary of the primary Party organization on the October Collective Farm, Comrade Bondarenko, notified the district committee repeatedly that a group of swindlers led by the collective farm chairman were plundering communal property. But the district committee did not heed these warnings. What is more, it turned out to be under the

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thumb of the violators of the Collective Farm Statutes, who slandered the Party organization secretary, attributing to him nonexistent offenses. The district committee expelled Comrade Bondarenko from the Party and he was arrested. Only after the intervention of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee was Comrade Bondarenko freed from arrest and reinstated in the Party. The Central Committee removed the district Party committee secretary from his post and administered a severe Party reprimand. ...

STEADILY RAISE LEVEL OF IDEOLOGICAL WORK. -- ... The thirst of Communists and the masses of the working people for a mastery of Marxist-Leninist theory grows steadily. The number of persons studying in the Party education system has reached 1,400,000, 700,000 of whom are non-Party workers, collective farmers and members of the intelligentsia. The number of evening universities of Marxism-Leninism has increased. There are now 36, or twice as many as in 1949. ...

Thanks to the implementation of the Lenin-Stalin national policy, Ukrainian Soviet culture, an integral and inalienable part of the culture of all Soviet people, is developing successfully on the basis of steady growth of the national economy.

Here are some figures:

            1948   1952   % increase

Students in elementary, in-

complete secondary and

secondary schools 6,163,000      6,649,000      7%

--in secondary (ten-year)

schools          1,617,000      2,556,000      58%

--in technical colleges        191,000         211,000         10%

--in higher educational

institutions     132,000         165,000         25%

--in evening schools for

young workers         223,000         290,000         30%

Public libraries         19,680           32,480           65%

Books in them          18,320,000   57,835,000   215%

Clubs and Palaces of Culture       -----     27,760           (3500 more

than in

1940)

Motion picture establish-

ments             4975   7390   48%

---of these, in rural

areas 3465   5735   61%

Newspapers             914     1176   28%

Total circulation       4,000,000      4,800,000      20%

Books published      48,000,000   68,000,000   42%

Radio receivers *     1,073,000      1,673,000      56%

There are almost 30,000 schools in the Ukraine, in which 300,000 teachers work. In three years more than 2000 school buildings were built to accommodate 300,000 students. More than 30,000,000 textbooks are published each year. Educational work has improved in the republic's schools. The major development of the school system has come in seven-year and tenyear schools, the number of which has grown to 5000, while the number of students in grades seven to ten has increased to 1,300,000. ...

Immense changes have taken place in the western provinces. Before the annexation of these provinces they contained five so-called higher educational institutions with perhaps 4000 students, but now there are 26, in which 28,000 students, the children of workers, collective farmers and members of the intelligentsia, study. ...

More than 40,000 specialists in various fields of the national economy graduate each year from Ukraine higher educational institutions--as many as graduate in France, Belgium and Norway put together. About 62,000 were admitted to first-year studies in the republic's higher educational institutions this year, including correspondence courses. This is the largest number of admissions for any year. ...

The Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee has taken steps to improve the qualifications of teaching staffs in higher educational institutions. In three years, 1885 scientific worker and instructors defended their masters' and 106 their doctoral dissertations. Admission to graduate studies, including linguistics and Marxist-Leninist esthetics, has been expanded. Institutes to improve qualifications and one-year courses to train social science teachers have been organized in Kiev. A course of studies leading to the doctorate has been opened under the Ukraine Republic Academy of Sciences.

It is necessary that Party organizations completely eliminate shortcomings in the work of higher schools.

What are these shortcomings?

In the first place, a large number of higher educational institutions in the republic are still not furnished with trained personnel. Thirty-six directors, 339 department heads and many teachers do not have higher degrees. Facilities for training scientific and teaching personnel of higher qualifications-doctors of sciences--are especially poor. ...

There are now 490 scientific research institutions in the Ukraine with about 8000 scientific workers. Upon the initiative of Comrade Stalin a branch of the Ukraine Republic Academy of Sciences has been established in Lvov. ...

It must be recognized, nevertheless, that many scientific research institutions have been slow to reorganize their work in the light of the historic resolutions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks)and in the light of the instructions by Comrade Stalin on ideological questions.

They have not drawn the necessary conclusions from the discussions on the most important problems of science. Few works have been written to unmask manifestations of bourgeois ideology, principally Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism and homeless cosmopolitanism. ...

The Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee has discovered serious shortcomings in the work of the Ukraine Republic Academy of Sciences' Institute of Literature. The institute has poorly developed the most important questions of literary theory and history, especially of modern literature, and has not produced scholarly works disclosing the profoundly beneficial and decisive influence of advanced Russian culture on the development of Ukrainian culture.

The institute has committed serious mistakes and ideological distortions in the publication of classics of Ukrainian literature. Bourgeois, objectivism is apparent in introductory articles and commentaries on these works. The institute avoids a treatment of the publicist and scholarly heritage of the Ukrainian literary classics, that is, of those materials in which these writers led a direct attack upon Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism and fought to strengthen the fraternal union of the Ukrainian and Russian peoples.

We cannot tolerate the slightest manifestation of alien ideology and must completely uproot elements of a nonideological and apolitical orientation in scholarship. ...

Seventy-five theaters, 26 philharmonic societies and a number of music ensembles with more than 6000 participants are in operation in the Ukraine. The repertoire of theaters and music ensembles has been improved. Our theaters have produced a number of good plays. Talented young performers are developing. New workers in the arts are being trained by four conservatories, two theater and three art institutes and a number of special secondary educational institutions. ...

The gains that were made in the Ukraine in the field of literature and art produced a complacent and smug attitude. The Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee and Ukraine Party organizations did not discover in time serious ideological distortions and mistakes in the work of various writers and workers in the arts. ...

As is known, V. Sosyura nationalistic poem "Love the Ukraine" was included in books, anthologies and magazines for a long time and was even set to music. This poem grossly distorts the image, dear to Soviet man, of our socialist native land--the Soviet Union and its integral part, the Soviet Ukraine. Any enemy of the Ukrainian people from the nationalist camp --for instance, Petlyura, Bander and the like--backs such a work, as was correctly pointed out. And so it happened. This poem was actually taken up and used as a weapon by the Ukrainian nationalists.

Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists have always been evil enemies of the Ukrainian people. All their hostile activity is directed against the thing dearest to the working people, Leninist-

____________________

*          ["Radio-tochki"--" radio points"--presumably including both receiving sets and plug-in loudspeaker networks which exist in apartment houses and on the collective farms. -- Trans.]

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Stalinist friendship and brotherhood of Soviet peoples, against Russian culture and its highest attainment, Leninism. The serpent's sting of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist ideology is directed against the vital foundation of the Soviet regime, the policy of the Communist Party, to which the Ukrainian people are obligated for the flowering of their republic's economy and culture and for the realization of the dream of the restoration of all Ukrainian lands in a united Ukrainian Soviet state.

Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists have always and everywhere pursued the goal of tearing the Ukrainian people away from the fraternal Russian people and delivering them to the colonial bondage of foreign imperialists. Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists have always betrayed the Ukrainian people and have always been spies, saboteurs and agents of imperialist espionage. Now they have sold themselves to new masters, the Anglo-American imperialists.

Bourgeois nationalism is the most lively and politically dangerous survival of capitalism in the people's minds. We must unmask any manifestation of bourgeois nationalism, wherever it may be expressed. We also must struggle implacably against manifestations of the hostile, reactionary ideology of homeless cosmopolitanism.

Serious shortcomings and mistakes have been tolerated in the field of music. Composer B. Zhukovsky wrote a faulty opera which distorts Soviet reality. Comrades A. Korneichuk and W. Wasilewska also, as is known, committed major ideological errors in the libretto of the opera "Bogdan Khmelnitsky." ...

Writers Sosyura, Rylsky and Pervomaisky have not written new works to prove their reorientation since they were sharply criticized for mistakes they committed.

Various writers have not produced new works for a long period of time. The people do not see their books and do not know what they are doing.

Certain writers have turned out to be prisoners of the socalled no-conflict theory, and avoid living truth in their works, refrain from depicting the contradictions and negative types of life, and picture reality in sugary tones. Everything is not ideal with us. There is much that is wrong in our life and there are many fraudulent people. Sharp, biting satire is needed to expose them to us. The Party has pointed out that we need Gogols and Shchedrins.

It must be stated that the Presidium of the Ukraine Union of Writers is still slow to eliminate shortcomings in its work and still gives only superficial guidance to the creative activity of writers. Criticism and self-criticism in the Union of Writers is not yet sufficiently keen and basic.

Leaders of the Union of Writers have somewhat overestimated the work done to correct mistakes and shortcomings, evidently considering all mistakes criticized and everything done. This is the very reason that books containing serious ideological distortions appear even now.

This year there was published a collection of short stories by L. Smelyansky, "The Garden," in which is included the short story "Golden Gates," containing mistakes of a nationalist character. In this story Smelyansky contrasts the city with the country and asserts that only the country provides a healthy population and that only the country is the source and preserver of the national traditions of the Ukrainian people. The author sees these traditions in the biological characteristics of people and not in their socialist thinking. He does not see the new Soviet Kiev and its people but turns all of his attention to the distant past. This ideologically faulty short story was not only not criticized, but it travels from anthology to anthology and is praised by certain writers as a model of socialist romantic writing. ...

The Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee, province committees, city committees and district committees must improve Party guidance of literature and art and constantly care for the ideological and political training of creative workers, correct people at the right time, and criticize in a Bolshevist manner. They must not pass over mistakes but must help people and aid their creative development.

Comrades, in three years publishing houses in the Ukraine have published 6778 titles of political, scientific and scholarly literature and belles-lettres in 210,000,000 copies. Steps have been taken to improve translating and publishing in Ukrainian the outstanding works of classical and contemporary Russian literature and the literatures of the other fraternal republics.

But up to now gross, intolerable distortions have been permitted in certain translations. ...

Comrades, the Leninist-Stalinist Young Communist League is a reliable reserve of the Communist Party and its true helper. At present Communist youth organizations in the Ukraine unite 2,300,000 young men and women -- that is, twice as many as at the time of the 16th Ukraine Party Congress. ...

Six million workers and employees belong to trade unions in the republic. Trade unions improved their work somewhat during the period of the report.

Many trade unions, however, still have not eliminated major shortcomings in the guidance of socialist competition, have not given the proper attention to safety measures and devices, have poorly supervised the fulfillment of collective [labormanagement] contracts and have given insufficient aid to local trade union organizations in the development of criticism and self-criticism.

The Ukraine Republic Council of Trade Unions has weak ties with republic, province and local committees, exerts little influence on their work and poorly helps local trade union organizations to develop criticism and self-criticism.

The great tasks advanced by the new five-year plan require radical improvement of trade union work for the future development of socialist competition, for the dissemination of experience of production innovators and for the education of working people in a socialist attitude to labor.

THE DISCUSSION AT THE CONGRESS

17TH CONGRESS OF UKRAINE COMMUNIST PARTY. (By Special Correspondents Yu. A. Chernichenko Zhukov and A. Ryaboklyach . Pravda, Sept. 29, p. 2. 2800 words. Condensed text:) Kiev--The 17th Congress of the Ukraine Communist Party ended Sept. 27. The Congress was an important event in the life of the republic Party organization and the whole Ukrainian people. The local report-and-election meetings [preceding the Congress] were held on a substantially higher level of criticism and self-criticism [than in the past]. About 440,000 spoke [at these local sessions] on keynote reports of secretaries of primary organizations, district, city and province Party committees. The Communists boldly and trenchantly criticized defects in the work of Party, Soviet and economic agencies and outlined means to eliminate these defects.

Delegates to the Congress attentively and widely discussed the historic documents of the All-Union Communist Party Central Committee for the 19th Party Congress and keynote reports of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee and Inspection Commission. The Congress proved the unshakable unity--and cohesion of the Ukraine Party organization around the All-Union Communist Party Central Committee and the great leader of the Party and Soviet people, Comrade Stalin.

The Congress opened with discussion of the documents of the All-Union Communist Party Central Committee for the 19th Party Congress. Comrade Korotchenko, Chairman of the Republic Council of Ministers, delivered the report on the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan for the development of the U.S.S.R. ...

With great activeness delegates discussed the draft Party Statutes, the report on which was made by Comrade Kirichenko, Secretary of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee. Unanimously approving the draft, the delegates proposed certain amendments. ...

Many delegates proposed that an injunction be introduced into the Statutes to the effect that Communists must abide strictly by the standards of communist morality and that nonobservance of this requirement should be considered incompatible with Party membership.

The Congress unanimously approved the draft directives of the 19th Party Congress on the Fifth Five-Year Plan for the development of the U.S.S.R., and the draft Party Statutes.

The keynote report by Comrade Melnikov, Secretary of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee, and the speeches of delegates on the report gave a vivid picture of the tremendous successes in the struggle for communism with which the Ukrainian people greet the 19th Party Congress. ...

Noting the successes achieved, the Congress concentrated on

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unsolved problems. Speakers in the discussion disclosed defects and errors in activities of Party, Soviet and economic agencies. They pointed out in particular that many province and city Party committees, republic ministries and departments adopt a "wholesale" approach toward evaluating the work of industrial enterprises, judge their activities by average indices and do not study or analyze their work deeply.

Defects in Ukraine agriculture were also noted at the Congress. Comrade Kalchenko, Vice-Chairman of the Ukraine Republic Council of Ministers, called attention to defects in the selection and training of collective farm chairmen. Only 3000 out of 16,000 collective farms are headed by agricultural specialists, although there are more than 60,000 agronomists, zootechnicians and other agricultural specialists in the Ukraine. ...

In their speeches delegates noted that there would be fewer defects in economic activity if executive Soviet and economic agencies gave more concrete guidance to sectors entrusted to them and completely eliminated bureaucratic methods of work.

In this connection the work of the republic Council of Ministers, ministries and departments was justly criticized at the Congress. Comrade Grishko, Secretary of the Kiev Province Party Committee, stated that the republic Council of Ministers has a large apparatus. Suffice it to say that it has 40 different sectors.

"However, all these sectors are primarily concerned with writing decrees and issuing all kinds of orders," said Comrade Grishko. "In 1951 alone 4000 decrees and 1698 orders-21 decrees and orders per day--were issued by the republic Council of Ministers. Province executive committees, following the example of the Council of Ministers, are also carried away with issuing thousands of decrees and orders to localities."

Delegate Rudenko cited instances proving that an atmosphere of intolerance of violations of state discipline has not yet been created in Party and Soviet agencies. Loss of vigilance, conciliatory attitudes toward pilferers of communal property and even direct concealment of them have not yet been rooted out.

Comrade Grechukha, Chairman of the Presidium of the Ukraine Republic Supreme Soviet, Comrade Korotchenko, Chairman of the Ukraine Republic Council of Ministers, and his assistants, Comrades Korniyets and Senin, dealt in their speeches with current economic and governmental problems. ...

Speakers in the discussion referred to substantial defects in Party organizational work. Many executives of Party organizations violate schedules fixed by the Statutes for convening plenary sessions and do not hold meetings of the Party aktiv for a long time. Thus, in the second quarter of this year, 382 district Party committees held only one plenary session each, while 39 district committees did not meet at all.

Comrade Shcherbak, Secretary of the Stanislav Province Party Committee; Comrade Roginyets, Secretary of the Chernigov Province Party Committee; Comrade Chernukha, Secretary of the Khorol District Party Committee, and others criticized the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee and particularly the Department of Party, Trade Union, and Young Communist League Agencies for not aiding the lower Party aktiv, not generalizing experience and not concerning itself with organizing political study by Party officials

Much was stated at the Congress about the fact that checkup on fulfillment of decisions is poorly organized in Party organizations. The Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee also suffers from this defect. Comrade Melnikov recalled that the Ukraine communist Party Central Committee once discussed the report of the Drogobych Province Party Committee, disclosed substantial defects and outlined measures to eliminate them, but did not check up on how this decision was executed. The province committee has functioned badly for a long time.

Comrade Fedorov, secretary of the Zhitomir Province. committee, criticized the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee for not checking on the fulfillment of the important decision in December, 1950, to aid districts in the Polessie area, which constitutes a fifth of the Ukraine. As a result, this decision has largely remained on paper.

It should be noted that Party organizational and political work was not discussed as widely and diversely at the Congress as economic construction.

Discussing ideological work, delegates recalled that last year the central press disclosed serious errors and distortions of a bourgeois nationalist character in ideological work in the Ukraine. Republic Party organizations drew the necessary conclusions from this criticism and concerned themselves more profoundly and properly with ideology, intensified the struggle against distortions, and improved the work of the communist education of the intelligentsia and all the working people.

But all this, it was correctly noted at the Congress, is only the beginning of a great task. The lag in ideological work to far from being surmounted. Comrade Melnikov noted in his report that propagandizing of Marxism-Leninism in the Ukraine is still unsatisfactorily organized. Many Party committees direct propagandizing of Marxism-Leninism superficially and show little care in the selection and training of propagandists. Delegates criticized the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee and also Comrade Nazarenko, Secretary of the Central Committee, for poorly supervising ideological work. ...

Soviet literature and art have a prominent place in the communist education of working people. Ukrainian writers and artists have created a number of important works.

It was noted at the Congress, however, that the serious ideological distortions in literature and art disclosed a year ago have not yet been thoroughly extirpated. Speaker Comrade Melhikov, delegates to the Congress and writers Korneichuk and Bazhan stated that writers Sosyura, Rylsky and Pervomaisky have not created new works to prove their reorientation since the sharp criticism of their errors.

It was stressed that the Presidium of the Ukraine Union of Soviet Writers is slow to eliminate defects in its work and directs the creative activity of writers superficially. Literary criticism in the Ukraine continues to be unsatisfactory.

The intensification of Party supervision in literature and art was raised at the Congress. Delegates noted that until recently the Literature and Arts Department of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee and its head, Comrade Belogurov, still delved little into the life of creative organizations and did not check up on fulfillment of Party decisions on literature and the arts. ...

Comrade Nazarenko, Secretary of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee, admitted the serious lag in ideological work in the republic, especially in propagandizing Marxism-Leninism, mass political work and development of Ukrainian literature. Delegates to the Congress, however, noted that Comrade Nazarenko did not properly assess the work of departments of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee directed by him.

Discussion of the keynote report of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee showed that republic Party organizations have the opportunity to eliminate defects and to raise all Party work to a higher level.

The Congress adopted a comprehensive decision aimed at fulfillment of the responsible tasks of communist construction.

The new membership of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee and Inspection Commission was elected.

With tremendous enthusiasm and thunderous ovations, the Congress adopted a letter of greetings to the great leader and teacher of the Soviet people, J. V. Stalin.

A plenary session of the newly-elected Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee was held. The plenary session elected Comrade L. G. Melnikov First Secretary of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee, Comrade A. I. Kirichenko Second Secretary and Comrade I. D. Nazarenko Secretary.

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II. Georgia

MGELADZE'S REPORT

15th Congress of Georgian Communist Party (of Bolsheviks): REPORT OF GEORGIAN COMMUNIST PARTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE. --Speech by Comrade A. I. Mgeladze, Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee, Sept. 15, 1952, ( Zarya Vostoka, Sept. 16, pp. 2-6; Sept. 17, pp. 2-4, and Sept. 18, pp. 2-4. 18,000 words. Condensed text:) Comrades! We are on the eve of the 19th Congress of our party. This Congress will sum up achievements in building communism in our great land of Soviets. ...

The Soviet people are indebted for all their victories to the wise leadership of the greatest man of modern times, to the genius of the epoch of the building of communism, to our leader and teacher, our own beloved Stalin. (Applause.) ...

I.--Two Worlds, Two Results. --Comrades! Before reporting to the 15th Congress of the Georgian Communist Party on the work of the Central Committee, permit me to dwell upon some the more important events which have taken place since the 14th Congress of the Georgian Communist Party, both in the life of our country and in the international sphere. Our country's mighty and consistent advance toward communism gives striking confirmation of the diametric opposition of two worlds: the world of decaying capitalism. . .and the world of socialism...

The United States of America plays the role of main champion of the principles of capitalism. Everywhere American imperialism supports and relies upon the obsolete and most reactionary social forces. Its policy is a policy of enslaving peoples and countries. ...

In their pretensions to world domination the American and British monopolies seek stubbornly to find a way out of economic difficulties by preparing for a third world war. ... The imperialists of the U.S.A., Britain and France have been rearming feverishly since the second world war. ...

But will the imperialist powers be able to hold "their" home front in check? ... The second world war gave a great impetus to development of the political awareness of the masses, which found expression in the growth of the Communist Parties. The second world war undermined imperialism's colonial front as well. ... Under such circumstances can imperialism depend upon "its" workers and "its" colonies in the event of war? Of course not. This is clearly confirmed, in particular, by the failure of intervention by the imperialist aggressors in Korea.

Comrades! No matter how great our successes, we must always remember the warning of our leader and teacher, Comrade Stalin, about capitalist encirclement. ... It is true that capitalism shrank greatly because of the victory of the Soviet people in the great patriotic war. Our immediate neighbors in Europe are now the friendly people's democracies and in the Far East the millions-strong Chinese People's Republic. However, the Soviet state still borders directly on capitalist states in the South, and it is quite understandable that the forces of world reaction--first and foremost the imperialists of the U.S.A.-should devote special attention to these southern neighbors of the Soviet Union. They regard these neighbors of ours-especially Turkey--as their outposts, right on the Soviet borders. ...

Turkey, which was admitted to the Atlantic bloc in February of this year, has been fully converted into a country actively participating in joint war preparations with the United States. American military representatives, businessmen and various international adventurers are swarming over Turkish territory, inspecting her borders--above all her borders with the U.S.S.R. --and rearming Turkey.

About a week ago "plague-General" Ridgway, supreme commander of the armed forces of the North Atlantic Treaty alliance, came to Turkey and visited Sarikamis and Kars, which are very near our southern borders. (Stir in the hall.)

In Erzurum Ridgway met and conferred with his Turkish underlings, who have shamelessly sold Turkey to the American imperialists. We do not know the details of their "conversations," but the provocational intent of the "plague-general's Turkish tour is entirely obvious.

There is an Eastern saying which has bearing on the strategy of Gen. Ridgway and his Turkish followers and on their adventurist plans:

"Before entering a room think how you will leave it." (Laughter.)

It would have been well for both Gen. Ridgway and Gen. Shukry Kanadly, commander of Turkish land forces, to remember history during their Sarikamis meeting, to remember the shameful defeat at this same Sarikamis of an adventurist attack on the Caucasus by Enver Bey in 1914.

Turkish intelligence has become a branch of American intelligence. This must not be forgotten, above all by us Georgian Communists, because of the geographical situation of our republic.

The policies of the international adventurist warmongers are in contrast to the wise Stalinist foreign policy of the Soviet government, a policy of peace and friendship among peoples. ...

II.--The Georgian Communist Party in the Struggle to Correct Mistakes Made by Formed Heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee. -- The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee discussed the situation in the Georgian Communist Party and the work of the Central Committee at two of its plenary sessions ( November, 1951, and April, 1952). These plenary sessions adopted resolutions based upon the decisions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and upon Comrade Stalin's personal instructions.

What was the reason for these discussions?

The reason was that the former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee made major mistakes in their work, which led them to political failure.

What were the mistakes made by the former heads of the Central Committee?

First of all, an atmosphere of complacency and a preoccupation with outward appearances of success were established. This led in turn to intoxication with economic successes, to forgetfulness that economic successes also have their dark sides and give rise to an uncritical attitude toward shortcomings in work and to the complacency of bystanders, and cause political blindness and a blunting of political vigilance among officials. This political blindness of the former heads of the Central Committee enabled persons hostile to us to worm their way into confidence and to harm the Party and state.

Republic officials had little local contact, little contact with the masses. They seldom visited local organizations, enterprises or collective farms, and when they did they showed little interest. They were oblivious of the important statements by Lenin and Stalin that organized Bolshevist leadership is based upon correct selection of personnel and checkup on the implementation of decisions.

Comrade Charkviani, former Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee, committed a major error when he entrusted all the organizational work, the selection of personnel and checkup on fulfillment, to persons alien to us, to people who had penetrated into the apparatus of the Central Committee and pursued aims hostile to the Party.

The state of inner Party democracy was also unsatisfactory. Self-criticism in the Georgian Party organization and criticism from below, from rank-and-file members of the Party, were as a rule not practiced or duly respected. What is more, those who revealed shortcomings in the work of the Central Committee suffered from retaliatory measures. The heads of the Central Committee rarely convened plenary sessions and did not conduct bureau meetings of the Central Committee in an efficient manner. Minutes of bureau meetings were not distributed to members of the Central Committee, and consequently the members were not informed even about the Party decisions on major questions of Party and economic work.

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The result of complacency and preoccupation with outward appearances was that the struggle against lawbreakers, pilferers of socialist property, bribe-takers and embezzlers, and against their disgraceful antistate and antipopular acts, was waged unsatisfactorily.

The old officials overlooked the incorrect, criminal attitude of a number of district leaders toward collective farm property, extortions from the collective farms and inroads upon collective farm possessions; they overlooked violations of the Collective Farm Statutes. The former heads of the Central Committee did not realize or did not choose to realize that such an attitude toward collective farm property harmed the peasantry and undermined the authority of the Party and of the Soviet regime in Georgia.

Good average figures concealed an obviously unsatisfactory state of affairs in a number of districts, particularly mountain and upland districts. Some of the collective farms in these districts had very low incomes, and the number of collective farmers who did not complete the established minimum number of workday units, far from decreasing, actually increased: from 17.6% of the total in 1948 to 23.6% on Jan. 1, 1952. From 30% to 53% of the collective farmers failed to complete the minimum number of workday units in some districts, and from 5% to 11% did not complete a single workday unit.

The former heads of the Central Committee also showed little concern for the grain problem, solution of which should make Georgia self-sufficient in grain; nor did they show much concern about the growing of grapes, fruit or citrus crops.

Serious errors were committed in amalgamating the collective farms. Certain unique conditions obtaining in Georgia were not taken into account: mountainous terrain, the degree of mechanization of labor-consuming work, or the system of settlement in some parts of the mountainous and upland districts.

Major mistakes and shortcomings also characterized the guidance given to industry. Inferior output and misrepresentation were widely practiced at enterprises. Plant managers were not held responsible for plan fulfillment or for the padded records which 'helped' fulfill or even overfulfill plans-- on paper.

Misrepresentation and cheating of the state also occurred in agriculture, especially in Zugdidi, Tsalendzhikha, Khobi, Abasha, Tskhakaya, Lagodekhi, Makharadze and Gurdzhaani Districts. Some district committee secretaries resorted to "emergency" padding if the plan for gathering choice green tea leaves was not fulfilled. Not only was this means of "fulfilling" plans resorted to in Zugdidi District but false documents were also drawn up. The report padders did not even stop short of criminal acts in order to conceal their antistate practices.

Speculation, short-weighting and shortchanging of customers were widely practiced in the trade network.

In speaking about the mistakes of the old Central Committee heads, mention should be made of their failure in ideological and Party political work in a number of Party organizations and of their failure to work with the trade union, Young Communist League and other public political organizations.

Poorly organized work with the intelligentsia has resulted in a lag in Georgian Soviet literature, sculpture, painting, music and cinematography, and a decline in the theater.

The former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee also lost sight of the fact that international reaction makes every effort to find hostile nationalist elements in our republic in order to engage in subversion and espionage with their help. These committee heads instilled a feeling of indifference in the Party organizations instead of developing militant political vigilance.

Finally, a word must also be said about the liberal attitude taken toward various kinds of collusion, nepotism, "localism" and "patronage" in various districts by officials. If this anti-Party principle of "localism" and "patronage" had not been duly opposed by the Party, "patrons" would have appeared who would have liked to take "their" special areas "under their wing" and to shield persons who had gotten into trouble there, seeking in this manner to increase their authority as "patrons" among the "masses." If this had happened Georgia would have broken up into a number of "provincial duchies," which would have exercised the "real" power, and nothing would have been left of the Georgian Communist Party and the government of the Georgian Republic.

This was the danger which arose in the Georgian Communist Party because of the mistakes, political blindness and major political failure of the work of the old heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee and of its former First Secretary Charkviani in particular.

Comrades! We, the new heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee, have inherited a difficult situation.

What have we done in the five and one-half months since the April plenary session of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee to correct the mistakes committed by the old heads of the Central Committee?

First of all, by eliminating complacency and political shortsightedness, the Central Committee is seeing that elements hostile to us are exposed and brought to book and is eradicating the consequences of their subversive efforts.

Further, it was necessary to assign cadres in a Bolshevist manner to those sectors where especially serious political mistakes had been made, to strengthen these sectors with proven cadres able to act with determination in correcting the mistakes.

"No policy can be carried out," V. I. Lenin said, "unless it expresses itself in appointments and reassignments."

The overwhelming majority of the newly appointed officials have a correct understanding of the tasks confronting the Georgian Communist Party and are waging a Bolshevist struggle to carry out the resolutions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and the personal instructions of Comrade Stalin.

We have attached great importance to work in the countryside. This April the bureau of the Central Committee sent to the collective farms commissions headed by members of the bureau and charged with helping the province [Party] committees and province [Soviet] executive committees to eliminate violations of the Collective Farm Statutes, robbery of the collective farms and embezzlement and removal of collective farm property. These commissions were given the task of putting an immediate stop to local violations of the Collective Farm Statutes and various illegal acts committed against the collective farms and collective farmers.

This May the plenary session of the Central Committee discussed means of eliminating violations of the Collective Farm Statutes and robbery of the collective farms. The session also drew up and adopted resolutions intended to stop these violations as soon as possible and to see that the embezzled and removed collective farm property-- land, livestock and farm products-- is returned to its owners. As a result of these measures by the Central Committee the following had been returned to the collective farms as of Sept. 1, 1952: 7779 hectares of land, including 462 hectares planted to perennial crops; 36,587 centners of grain products, 1661 centners of animal husbandry products, 3392 centners of other products, 6926 head of cattle, 27,977 sheep and goats, 1926 pigs, 478 horses, 61,826 head of poultry and 92,915,817 rubles in cash. (Stir in the hall; shouts of approval.)

The Central Committee has taken the steps necessary for seeing that all embezzled and removed communal property which has not yet been returned is returned in full to the collective farms.

An analysis of the situation in the countryside shows that the percentage of collective farmers appearing for work was very low where violation of the Statutes and robbery of the collective farms were widespread. In Gurdzhaani District, for example, 5675 persons, or 43.5% of all able-bodied collective farmers, failed to complete the established minimum number of workday units in 1951, and 11.1% of this number failed to complete a single workday unit. Similarly, in Sagaredzho District 2880 persons, or 40.9%, failed to complete a single workday unit. Approximately the same situation obtained in Kaspi, Gareubani, Terzhola, Chiatura and a number of other districts.

As a result of decisive measures to ensure elimination of violations of the Collective Farm Statutes and of robbery of the collective farms, the situation has now changed radically: the number of collective farmers appearing for work has increased considerably.

A word must be said in connection with the situation in the

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countryside, concerning one more abuse of the Collective Farm Statutes, that is, the fact that in many districts of Georgia years have passed without accounts being settle for the number of workday units completed. Collective farmers of Zugdidi District, for example, had not received as of July 1, 1952, 460 centners of grain and 4,035,864 rubles in cash for workday units they had completed in 1951 and earlier, while collective farmers in Abasha District failed to receive 513 centners of grain and 1,063,054 rubles, in Telavi District 1059 centners of grain and 1,079,371 rubles, in Lagodekhi Districk 541 centners of grain and 1,244,059 rubles and in Marneuli District 1375 centners of grain and 701,841 rubles.

The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee has made those specifically guilty of violating the Collective Farm Statutes, those who have embezzled and those who have robbed the collective farms and have undermined labor discipline strictly responsible to the Party and has informed the legal authorities of the crimes committed by the embezzlers of collective farm property. The Central Committee warns those who still seek to deal highhandedly with communal property that it will continue to show no mercy for anyone who dares violate the Collective Farm Statutes and who makes inroads on collective farm holdings.

The Party organizations must keep well in mind that the fight against violations of the Collective Farm Statutes is not a matter of passing importance. Such problems must be dealt with day in and day out, and attempts to siphon off collective farm wealth must be nipped in the bud.

All the measures taken by the Central Committee on this question are intended to make impossible further violations of the Collective Farm Statutes, embezzlement and expropriation of collective farm property. The Central Committee will always devote particular attention to his question.

The mistakes made in the course of amalgamating the collective farms have already been corrected in a number of districts and are being corrected in others. Steps have been taken to see that the amalgamated collective farms are stronger organizationally and economically and to bolster the corps of chairmen and other administrative personnel. Special measures are being taken to help lagging districts and collective farms -- especially in the mountain and upland areas -- to strengthen and improve their economic position.

The Central Committee has outlined and is carrying out a number of measures to intensify efforts to solve the grain problem and make Georgia self-sufficient in grain. We are devoting much attention to grape, fruit and citrus crops.

The functioning of Georgia's industry has also improved considerably as the result of steps taken by the Central Committee to correct past mistakes. Industry overfulfilled the over-all plan during the second quarter of 1952 and improved the quality of output.

As I have stated above, the heads of certain enterprises and economic organizations cheated the state by padding and misrepresentation and tolerated faulty output. The Central Committee has taken sever action against such persons, even to the point of expelling them from the Party and referring their cases to the public prosecutor's office. This has produced results: padding and misrepresentation have now virtually ceased.

It must be emphasized that some Party and Soviet bodies have not satisfactorily carried out and are not satisfactorily carrying out to this day the resolutions of the November and April plenary sessions of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee, which were based on the resolutions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and the instructions of Comrade Stalin.

The Tbilisi [Party] committee (Comrade Zedginidze) and the Tbilisi City Soviet (Comrade Zambakhidze) proved unable to change their manner of work to see that these resolutions were carried out. As is known, new leadership has been elected to the Tbilisi city committee and Tbilisi City Soviet, and better organization has been provided. The heads of the Chiatura city committee (former Secretary Comrade Petriashvili) also failed to carry out the above resolutions satisfactorily, and the city Party conference quite rightly saw that new leadership was elected and better organization was provided.

It must also be pointed out that a number of ministries -the Ministry of the Building Materials Industry ( Minister Comrade Paatashvili), the Ministry of Local Industry ( Minister Comrade Gordeziani) and the Ministry of Agriculture (former Minister Comrade Mariansavhili) -- as well as the Resettlement Administration of the Georgian Republic Council of Ministers ( Director Comrade Narsia) failed to see to completion of the tasks arising in connection with the resolutions of the plenary sessions of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee. We found it necessary to dismiss Comrade Marianashvili from his post, to administer a Party reprimand to him and to bolster the ministry with competent personnel. The above Ministers should be warned of the need for a decisive change in all of their work. ...

A major blow has been dealt to speculation. The number of speculators is constantly decreasing, and we are endeavoring to get rid of them entirely in the near future. ...

The Georgia Communist Party Central Committee is ensuring eradication both of the subversive activity of elements hostile to the Party and of its consequences.

The practice of "localism" and the "patronage" of officials over individual districts has been ended. As a result of the resolute struggle against this anti-Party practice even those who persisted in trying to extend "patronage" to "their" "provinces" are now resolutely being kept from this habit inherited from the past. Nevertheless, vigilance cannot be slackened in this matter: we still cannot be certain that new "patrons" will not seek to establish themselves. There are conditions in Georgia which give rise to this.

As is known, the division and partition of Georgia had always been encouraged by the enemies of the Georgia people from time immemorial. Attempts at this have even been made during Soviet rule. Do your remember those enemies of the people, the adventurers Zhvany in Mingrelia and Lakob in Abkhazia?

If the anti-Party, antistate principle of "patronage" had not been duly combated by the Party it would ultimately have led to the breakup of Georgia into separate "duchies."

It has cost the Georgian people tremendous effort and sacrifices and considerable blood has been shed in the fight against foreign and internal enemies to end Georgia's existence as a number of separate areas and to unite her in a single national state, in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.

No attempts to divide her into provinces or separate "duchies" can be tolerated in Georgia. Georgia has been united by the Soviet regime into a socialist republic, an integral part of that single, mighty, fraternal family of republics, the U.S.S.R. All who seek to break up Georgia into separate "provinces" must be exposed as elements hostile to the Party and people, as elements associated with foreign imperialists. ...

III. -- Industry, Transport and Communications. -- The growth of Georgia's industry during the report period was marked by the development of heavy industry. Production of major types of industrial output during 1951 and seven months of 1952 is indicated by the following table:

Type of Production 1951 Plan

Fulfillment     1951 Output

in Comparison

With 1948      Fulfillment,

Seven Months

of 1952          Comparison With

Seven Months of

1951

Coal   10%    158%             100.8%          108.8%

Marketable Manganese

Ore     116%             177%             107.6%          105.5%

Oil       102%             141%             101.9%          106.6%

Steel   87%    --         100.2%          163.6%

Electricity       104%             145%             106.2%          116.8%

Metal-Cutting Machine

Tools 106%             211%             100.5%          99.4%

Looms            109%             154%             121.1%          116.5%

Cement          111%             199%             105.0%          103.9%

Slate   113%             139%             112.9%          136.7%

Bricks             98%    177%             71.3%            113.0%

[ Mgeladze analyzes these figures of plan fulfillment, criticizes the directors of some enterprises (further criticized by other delegates -- see the Pravda report below) and reports fulfillment of lumber output plans for 1951 and seven months

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of 1952, underfulfillment of plans for capital construction, an 81.7% increase in output by the food industry between 1940 and 1951, a 12.5% increase in light industry output in 1951, underfulfillment of the plan for output by local industry and the producers' cooperatives during seven months of 1952, 57% more traffic handled on Georgia's railroads in 1951 than before the war, increased communications facilities, and the construction of 1856 kilometers of republic and local roads in 1949, 1950 and 1951.]

IV.-- Agriculture. Grain Crops: ... The area planted to grain crops on the collective and state farms must be increased to a total of 1,070,000 hectares in 1957 as compared to 627,000 in 1950, of which 770,000 must be planted to wheat as compared to 264,000 in 1950, with wheat harvests to average between 22 and 25 centners per hectare.

Despite extensive help by the government and despite the fact that there is every opportunity for radically increasing the yield of grain crops, particularly wheat, our collective farms still fail to fulfill the yield plan year after year. This failure is due to the fact that the Georgian Republic Ministry of Agriculture and the Party, Soviet and local agricultural agencies do not realize the importance of agrotechnical measures. ... Many districts have not yet properly publicized the importance of mineral fertilizers in increasing yields. Work has not yet developed to bring new land under cultivation. The collective farms fulfilled the plan for such cultivation 95.2% for 1950 and 1951, while in Tbilisi Province results were even lower: 91.1%. Collective farms of Telavi, Gori, Gardabani and Marneuli Districts are particularly lagging.

The grain problem is now the most important of all problems of agriculture in our republic. We Georgian Communists must remember that the plan for developing the grain economy is drawn up so that the main work in solving the grain problem will be faced between 1953 and 1957. This means that what has been done so far is only an insignificant part of what still has to be done to make Georgia self-sufficient in grain. ...

It should be pointed out that the Georgian Selection Station and the Institute of Field Husbandry are not yet doing enough work on problems of better cultivation, of developing new strains and of increasing the yield of grain crops. ...

Tea: The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party, the U.S.S.R. government and Comrade Stalin personally have set Georgia the task of meeting the Soviet Union's requirements for U.S.S.R.-grown tea. A tremendous amount of work has been done in carrying out this task. A total of 56,841 hectares had been planted to tea in Georgia as of June 1, 1952, i.e., 47,875 hectares on the collective farm and peasant sector and 8966 on the state farms. The tea yield and gross tea crop are constantly increasing. A total of 93,575 tons of choice green tea leaves was delivered to the state in 1951, and the yield averaged 2322 kilograms per hectare. This year 101,400 tons will be harvested and the yield will amount to more than 2500 kilograms per hectare, even though unfavorable weather conditions prolonged the harvest.

The Kutaisi, Abkhazia and Adzharia Province Party organizations must take every step in the near future to ensure that the tea-leaf harvesting plan is fulfilled.

The yield of choice tea leaves cannot be considered satisfactory: there are leading districts which obtain high yields, but there are also several districts producing an average of only 1000 to 1700 kilograms of tea leaves per hectare. ... We must see that an average of at least 3000 to 3500 kilograms of tea leaves are produced per hectare from fully harvested tea plantings during the next two or three years and that methods of growing tea are decidedly improved.

A total of 14,401 hectares were newly planted to tea in the republic from 1949 to July 1, 1952, but most of this planting was poorly done. Care for the young plants was unsatisfactorily organized, and the drainage network was not completed on all areas planted. ...

The plan for developing tea growing provides for bringing the area planted to tea in Georgia to 80,300 hectares in 1957 and for bringing the gross tea-leaf yield to 211,000 tons, of which 193,000 tons are to be choice tea leaves and 18,000 to be coarse tea for making green brick tea. ...

Animal Husbandry: Animal husbandry is one of the most important branches of Georgia's agriculture. The state plan for increasing the number of livestock in the republic as a whole and for all categories was not fulfilled in 1951, with the exception of the plan for increasing the number of hogs. The plan for the development of communal animal husbandry is not being carried out in 1952 either. Many collective farms have not taken the steps necessary for increasing the number of livestock born or for caring for the stock, having supplanted this difficult and "troublesome" work with an easier method of fulfilling the plan: by above-plan purchases of livestock.

On the average, only 60 calves per 100 cows and heifers, 76 lambs and kids per 100 ewes and she-goats, and 640 pigs per 100 sows were obtained in 1951. The plan for milk production and wool clip is unfulfilled year after year. Forage cows averaged 513 kilograms of milk in 1951 instead of the 900 planned, and the wool clip per sheep averaged 2.1 kilograms instead of the 2.65 planned. The situation is no better as regards feed procurement or work to improve meadows and pastures.

Although much breeding stock has been brought to the collective farms over a number of years, little progress is being made on improving livestock strains. Veterinary work also has serious shortcomings, and unsatisfactory work is being done on the construction of livestock shelters.

Records of livestock have been neglected by many collective farms. Frequently livestock owned by collective farmers and other individuals is kept with the communal livestock, so that conditions are created for pilfering livestock and animal products.

The district Party and Soviet bodies devote little attention to problems of improving the work of the livestock farm sections and to selecting and training workers in animal husbandry.

Sericulture: A decision of the U.S.S.R. government three years ago approved a ten-year plan for the development of sericulture, under which Georgia was to deliver 40,000 centners of cocoons in 1955 and 70,000 in 1960. Weather conditions were very unfavorable for normal development of mulberries this spring and caused an acute shortage of leaves in a number of districts. This and the shortage of silkworm-rearing equipment prevented fulfillment of the plan for the current year.

Not enough attention was given to the feeding of silkworms on many collective farms, and proper agrotechnical care was not given to the larvae, which led to their loss.

Further development of sericulture depends on the feed base, but many districts and collective farms pay very little attention to the growing of mulberry trees. Only 600,000 or 64.4% of the 928,000 mulberry cuttings planted in the spring of 1951 have survived, and trees are still being cut down or illegally used.

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Comrade Dzhaparidze, a staff member of the Sericulture Institute, has developed a highly productive mulberry which yields two to three times as many leaves as present strains. This important work has not yet been pushed, however. ...

Mechanization of Agricultural Work: Under present conditions the further development of our agriculture is inconceivable without extensive mechanization of agricultural work. Twenty-six new Machine and Tractor Stations and one Animal Husbandry Machinery Station have been organized in Georgia during the past two years, in line with the decree of the U.S.S.R. government. The republic has 95 M.T.S. and three Animal Husbandry Machinery Stations. ... The degree of mechanization of agricultural work in 1951 is shown by the following figures:

Plowing, all types    68.9%

Sowing          48.6%

Harvesting of Grain Crops by

Combines     52.1%

Cultivation of Field Crops 10.4%

Work to mechanize labor-consuming tasks in animal husbandry is progressing even more slowly. Complex mechanization in grain, sugar beet and potato growing and on the collective farm threshing floors is entirely inadequate, and there have been numerous instances of poor maintenance of farm machinery. The average annual output per 15-horsepower tractor was 322.2 hectares in 1951, despite the fact that the quota under the plan had already been reduced to 329.4 hectares. ... Work in the tea and citrus fields is the least mechanized of any of the branches of our agriculture. ...

Rural Electrification: As of Jan. 1, 1952, Georgia had 226

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rural power plants with a capacity of 25,500 kilowatts. These figures show that our electrification work falls far behind the requirements of the collective farms. Only 67 power plants, with a capacity of 10,023 kilowatts, went into action during the past three years instead of 121 with a capacity of 19,550 kilowatts. Only 325 collective farms were electrified instead of 505. ...

Work to Exploit Water Resources: A total of 291,400 hectares is under irrigation in the republic, of which 157,000 hectares are irrigated by means of specially engineered systems. Since the war the Georgian Republic Ministry of Water Resources has built or rebuilt irrigation systems serving areas totaling 75,600 hectares and drainage systems serving 7800 hectares. ...

An ambitious program has been outlined for the construction of irrigation systems in Georgia between 1951 and 1957. By carrying out this program we will increase the amount of irrigated land by 282,000 hectares. What is more, irrigation systems now serving 118,000 hectares will be rebuilt.

The decree of the U.S.S.R. government provides for the construction of the Upper Alazan Canal, which will be the largest irrigation installation in Georgia. It will ensure the irrigation of 100,000 hectares and the provision of water for 50,000 hectares of land in Tbilisi Province and will ensure high and dependable harvests in such arid districts as Shiraki and Taribana.

The total area under irrigation will be more than doubled in 1957 and will exceed 635,000 hectares.

The Colchis lowland, 220,000 hectares in area, is an especially swampy part of Georgia. The Georgian people have dreamed of draining the Colchis swamps since time immemorial, but it became possible to solve this major problem only under the Soviet regime. Work to drain the Colchis lowland was stopped during the patriotic war but was renewed in 1944. The problem is to drain and make available for use at least 12,000 to 15,000 hectares of land in the Colchis each year in order to carry out the government's assignment of completing all primary and secondary drainage work by 1957.

The unsatisfactory work of Georgia's Ministry of Water Resources and of its local agencies prevents adequate development of work to exploit water resources in the republic. The plan for capital construction to exploit water resources was fulfilled 92% in 1951, and work continues to lag in 1952. The main reason is that the Ministry of Water Resources and its construction organizations are not ensuring proper use of machinery and trucking facilities.

The province and district Party organizations are not taking effective action to fulfill the plan for exploiting water resources, show no concern about a permanent labor force for the construction offices and are not seeing that the right amount of voluntary work is done by the population.

The importance of water resources under conditions in Georgia is demonstrated by the fact that not a single branch of our agriculture, including grain, tea and citrus growing, will be able to develop further unless the irrigation and drainage program outlined is carried out. This is why we must devote far more attention to problems of developing water resources and see that the plans approved are carried out.

V.-- Problems of Increasing the Material Welfare of the Working People and Problems of Cultural Work. -- The reduction of prices for consumers' goods, which has been consistently carried out in our country, considerably increased the material welfare and purchasing power of the population. Retail trade volume in the Georgian Republic increased 633,000,000 rubles between 1949 and 1951, and 345,000,000 rubles between 1950 and 1951. Thirty per cent more industrial goods and food products were sold to the public in comparable prices in 1950 than in 1949 and 15% more in 1951 than in 1950.

The material and technical facilities of the trade organizations expanded and improved. The number of stores and communal catering enterprises increased by 843 during the past three and one-half years, and large sums were spent to provide the trade organizations with refrigeration and other equipment.

Our trade work is lagging, however. The sales plan was not met in 1949 and 1950, and although it was fulfilled as a whole 101.6% in 1951, this over-all favorable figure concealed nonfulfillment of the plan by individual trade organizations. Things are not well for the first half of 1952, either. The lag in trade volume totaled 187,000,000 rubles for this period, including 127,000,000 rubles in the system of the Caucasus Central Consumers' Cooperative Alliance alone.

It is obvious that the heads of a number of our trade organizations accepted the constant failure to fulfill state sales volume plans and tolerated numerous instances of pilfering and embezzlement of state funds, cheating of customers and flouting of their interests.

Planning and study of consumer demand are overlooked in the trade organizations and ministries. This is why 415,000,000 rubles' worth of surplus stocks had accumulated in the republic's trade network as of July 1, 1952, including 260,000,000 rubles' worth in the Caucasus Central Consumers' Cooperative Alliance alone. The industrial ministries and industrial marketing bases share responsibility with the trade organizations for this: they often produce and supply lowquality goods and do not take seasonal demand into account.

Trade is very poorly organized in the cities of Kutaisi, Gori, Rustavi, Tkibuli, Tkvarcheli, Chiatura and even in Tbilisi, the capital of our republic. The trade organizations also function poorly at the health resorts and evoke the just criticisms of vacationers and people taking cures.

Comrade Khantadze, Georgian Republic Minister of Trade, must eliminate the shortcomings in trade in the near future and watch carefully to see that pilfering, embezzlement, speculation, bribetaking, short-weighting and shortchanging do not spread again in the trade organizations in the future. ...

Comrade Narsia, former Georgian Republic Minister of Trade, has not waged a determined struggle against pilfering, embezzlement, speculation and bribetaking. Only recently have we managed to effect a major reduction in them. They are much more widespread in the cooperatives. It is high time that Comrade Rukhadze, Chairman of the Board of the Caucasus Central Consumers' Cooperative Alliance, showed a real interest in the operations of the trade network and took every possible step for improving them.

There would be fewer of these shortcomings in our trade network if the agencies of the public prosecutor's office and the courts were more resolute in combating pilfering and embezzlements and did not allow investigations to drag out, if they took effective steps for making good the damage done to the state by embezzlers of goods and by pilferers. So far the public prosecutor's office and the courts are very ineffective in this sphere. (Voices from the floor: "Right!")

Why is it that the trade apparatus has functioned so poorly? Because dishonest people, speculators, people previously sentenced for crimes in the sphere of trade but again allowed access to trade enterprises and valuable commodities, penetrated the trade network. This occurred because the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee failed to take decisive steps to bring order in trade and because a number of city and district [Party] committees remained aloof from selecting trade personnel and did not struggle with determination to rid the trade enterprises of persons alien to Soviet trade.

When it uncovered the serious shortcomings in the work of the trade organizations the [new] Georgian Communist Party Central Committee severely punished the offenders and outlined concrete measures for radically improving the republic's trade. ...

Public Health: Considerable progress has been made in the sphere of public health and development of the health resorts during the report period. The republic's hospitals now have 18,666 beds, or 7.9% more than in 1948. The merging of hospitals and polyclinics has resulted in improved medical services for the public and has created the requisites for improving the qualifications of doctors. The supply of medical equipment sent to the medical institutions continues to improve.

Allocations for public health increase every year. Whereas, in accordance with the republic's budget, 400,000,000 rubles were spent for this purpose in 1948, allocations for 1952 are planned at approximately 505,000,000. The Georgian Republic ranks among the first in the Soviet Union in number of doctors per capita: one doctor serves an average of 366 persons in our republic. Incidentally, among neighboring capitalist countries, in Turkey one doctor serves 8941 persons,

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while in Iran a single doctor serves 11,333 persons. These figures need no elaboration.

In pointing out our pins in public health we must not forget shortcomings. The Ministry of Public Health and its agencies are especially behind in the matter of selecting, placing and training young doctors. As a result there is a shortage of medical personnel in many districts of the republic at the same time that a large number of nonpracticing doctors are 'sitting it out' in Tbilisi and an even greater number are working halftime. Comrade Khelidze, Georgia's Minister of Public Health, should find out more about these doctors who are "afflicted" with the disease of ruralophobia and should soon pick out enough of them to be sent out to work in the districts [outside Tbilisi].

One of the principal tasks of the Ministry of Public Health is further to improve medical services to the public, to improve the qualifications of doctors and to make broad application in the work of the medical institutions of the discoveries of the great Russian physiologist I. P. Pavlov.

Georgia's Health Resorts: Georgia is a land of first-class health resorts. They have gained general recognition and enjoy well-earned popularity among the working people of the Soviet Union. Suffice it to say that one-third of all medicinal springs in the Soviet Union are in Georgia, and that the number of our explored springs is colossal. Almost 30% of them are hot springs, and the presence of important deposits of medicinal muds -- volcanic and lake -- adds still more to the republic's health resort resources.

Extensive construction is in progress at our health resorts. The number of beds in sanatoriums has increased considerably during this period and the capacity of the health resorts has grown. More than 315,000 patients and vacationers came to our sanatoriums between 1949 and 1951, and in 1952 the sanatoriums will receive more than 120,000 persons.

In addition, Georgia's health resorts are supplemented by a network of sanatoriums of various ministries and agencies. A sanatorium built by the Ministries of the Coal Industry, Railroads, Ferrous Metallurgy and Navy will open in Tskhaltubo in the near future.

However, Georgia's health resort facilities are by no means being fully exploited. The general state of the republic's health resorts system does not measure up to the increased demands made on it. Most of our health resorts lack adequate water supply, sewer and power systems, bath and laundry facilities, well-developed parks, roads and housing for resort personnel. ...

***

The Party and Soviet government devote tremendous attention to social security. More than 1,300,000,000 rubles were paid out in Georgia in pensions and state grants to invalids of the patriotic war and to recipients of pensions from 1949 through the first six months of 1952. However, the social security agencies are performing their duties poorly. Major pilfering and embezzlement of state funds have occurred in some district departments of social security.

The bureau of the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party discussed the work of Georgia's Ministry of Social Security in July, 1952, and adopted a resolution dismissing Comrade Chkhetiani, the Minister, for failing to provide proper direction of the ministry. A number of officials in the social security agencies who had committed illegal acts and had pilfered state property were relieved of their positions and brought into court.

The new heads of the Ministry of Social Security and the local Party bodies must hasten to eliminate the shortcomings and serious mistakes made in placing and selecting personnel in social security institutions and must bolster these institutions with proved personnel capable of bringing about a radical improvement in work.

Communal Economy: The Party and government manifest exceptional concern for the communal economy of the cities and district centers. Almost 185,000,000 rubles were allocated during the report period for the development of the communal economy and for rebuilding and improving the cities of the Georgian Republic. This large sum is being poorly utilized, however-- especially in Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi and Chiatura.

Much more could have been done with the funds, materials and building equipment which were made available for rebuilding and improving the city of Tbilisi. The Soviet government did not deny Tbilisi a thing, but the old heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee and Tbilisi Party committee and of the Tbilisi City Soviet Executive Committee, in the persons of Comrades Charkviant, Zambakhidse and Lelashvili, made very poor use of the opportunities provided. Reconstruction and improvement of the city proceeded at an intolerably slow pace and, in comparison with modern industrial methods of building, in a primitive manner. It is particularly unfortunate that most of the building construction is poor ...

At one time Tbilisi's construction trusts and administrations led the country but now they are at least ten to 15 years behind. (Stir in the hall). We must radically change the situation which has come about. First of all, Tbilisi's construction trusts and administrations have to be strengthened and a base provided for using industrial methods in construction work. The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee has sent a group of specialists in construction work to Moscow and other cities of the country with this in mind ...

What practical steps have been taken with regard to municipal construction and improvement of Tbilisi in recent months?

The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee has taken steps to complete work on the Government House and on rebuilding the Elbakidze Bridge by the end of 1952.

Major repairs have been made on Beria Square and on a number of streets.

The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee has taken up problems of building cultural and service facilities and housing and has brought about some improvement in this matter.

The first section of the Bulachauri Water System has been opened and the city's water supply has been considerably improved.

Construction work has greatly speeded up on the Ortachal Hydroelectric Station, intended to supply the city with electric power.

This is a short, incomplete list of what has already been done recently. It must be stated, however, that a number of projects are still moving slowly.

Construction of the second section of the Embankment is proceeding unsatisfactorily, and the funds allocated for this project this year have hardly been touched.

Construction of a number of office buildings and apartment houses is far behind schedule.

It has now become obvious to everyone that the boastful speeches by former Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee Charkviani and the numerous boastful press and radio reports about unprecedented gains in the development of Tbilisi were false and intended to deceive our public. (Stir in the hall.) ...

A few words now on two matters of importance to Georgia's capital.

We plan to submit to the U.S.S.R. government the matter of supplying the city of Tbilisi with gas produced by refining Tkibuli oil shale and carbonaceous shale. This necessitates the construction of a shale refining plant in Rustavi. At the same time that it supplies Tbilisi with gas it will make it possible to meet the shortage in gas fuel suffered by the Transcaucasus Iron and Steel Mills. ...

Extremely little has been done in comparison with existing opportunities to rebuild and improve the city of Kutaisi during the past 15 years. After all, Kutaisi is second only to Tbilisi as the industrial and cultural center of Georgia. Presumably it merits proper attention, but has not received it. It has lagged behind other large cities-- and this must be viewed as entirely inadmissible --in improvements and rebuilding work.

In addition to the fact that the Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of Georgia have failed to pay sufficient attention to Kutaisi in the past, even those meager funds which were provided for rebuilding and developing it were unsatisfactorily utilized because of poor work by the Kutaisi Party committee and City Soviet. Matters got so out of hand that the building for the Kutaisi Drama Theater has been under

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construction for 15 years and still is unfinished. Only 4, 000,000 rubles' worth of work has been completed, although another 8,000,000 rubles are earmarked for the building! ...

Comrade Stalin has visited Kutaisi several times. We Georgian Communists must work so that when he visits Kutaisi again and looks at the city Comrade Stalin will be satisfied with our work to rebuild and improve Kutaisi and will give it a rating of "good." (Applause.) ...

The importance of the town of Gori [ Stalin's birthplace] as a city of historical fame is generally known. This is why problems of rebuilding and improving it should occupy a special place in the work of the Georgian Communist Party. Nothing is denied the city of Gori. It is well supplied with funds, building materials and machinery. The problem now is for the Gori city Party organization and the city Soviet to pay proper attention to rebuilding and improving. ...

Public Education: ... Georgia has 4275 elementary, eightyear and secondary schools, with an enrollment of 700,000 children. There were 44,537 teachers in the schools in the 1951-1952 academic year, or almost 6000 more than in the 1948-1949 academic year. The qualifications of the teaching corps are considerably improved, the number of teachers with higher education reaching 14,200, as compared with 8078 in the 1948-1949 academic year. Eighteen school buildings have been built during the past three years, and 13 more will be completed this year.

However, neither the progress nor quality of school construction can be considered satisfactory. The funds allocated for this work are being utilized slowly, and I would say that the Georgian Republic Ministry of Education shows little interest in problems of erecting school buildings. The local Party and Soviet bodies often act the same way. The result has been that about 254,000 children still have to be taught in second shifts and 5505 even in third shifts because of the shortage of school buildings. ...

We know that with the permission of the U.S.S.R. government 11-year schooling was introduced in Georgia's general schools during the 1946-1947 academic year. This brought about a radical improvement in education and training and raised the level of knowledge and the general standards of pupils. The reason for this was that in addition to general subjects the schools of the national republics also teach the native language and literature and the history and geography of the republic. These subjects had been studied in Georgia by shortening the number of hours devoted to general subjects, with the result that schools in the Georgian Republic devoted less time than schools in the Russian Republic to such basic subjects as the Russian language, mathematics, physics, natural science, history and foreign languages. This seriously hampered normal mastery of the foundations of knowledge envisaged in the uniform program.

Introduction of 11-year instruction made it possible to increase the number of study hours almost to the level envisaged in the program adopted for schools in the Russian Republic. This measure made it possible to increase the annual number of hours devoted to Russian language and literature to 700 and thereby to solve one of the main problems of the schools in the national republics: the problem of improving instruction in the Russian language, of seeing that young boys and girls possess a good mastery of it by the time they are graduated from the secondary schools. A greater number of hours were set aside for the teaching of foreign languages...

A number of steps were taken to improve the methods of teaching both Georgian language and literature and Russian language and literature following the appearance of J. V. Stalin's works of genius on linguistics. The programs and textbooks on these subjects have been revised, and instruction in the native language and literature in our schools has notably improved. The oral and written language facility of the pupils has improved, as has the general level of their training.

However, serious shortcomings still exist in the work of the instructors. Formalism has not yet been overcome in this work. Grammar is taught without relation to reading material, and we still lack a textbook of Georgian Soviet literature for the 11th grade. Special attention must be given to teaching Russian in rural schools. The general literacy of our pupils is still poor. Their vocabulary is weak and they learn rules of grammar mechanically, without ability to apply them correctly. Because they have a poor knowledge of the Russian language some pupils are unable to use it to increase their knowledge of the wealth of Russian literature.

There is much room for improvement in natural science teaching as well. In most cases the natural sciences are taught without the use of visual aids and without demonstrations and laboratory work.

The fact that many pupils fail of promotion is a major shortcoming in the work of the schools. Spring examinations in the 1951-1952 academic year showed that 11.7% of all pupils would have to repeat their studies.

Discipline is still underemphasized in many schools. There have been more violations of discipline and of the rules for conduct by pupils, and more cases of amoral acts. This attitude toward the behavior standards for pupils must be stopped. School discipline must be strictly observed. The Young Communist League and Young Pioneer organizations must aid the schools as effectively as they can in this matter.

The Party organizations must constantly help the schools and must check on the quality of instruction and upbringing. The local Party organizations must approach school issues not as a passing campaign and not as occasion arises but on a continuous basis: they must view this matter as an integral part of their work for the communist upbringing of the Soviet people.

Science and the Higher Schools: The Georgian Republic Academy of Sciences, the center of research work in our republic, comprises 42 institutes at which 945 scientists, including two Academicians and five Corresponding Members of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, 56 Members and Corresponding Members of the Georgian Republic Academy of Sciences, 102 Doctors and 472 Candidates of Sciences, are engaged in research in various fields. J. V. Stalin's inspired works on linguistics have played an outstanding role in the development not only of linguistics but of all branches of science.

Recently the Georgian Republic Academy of Sciences issued a linguistics symposium compiled on the basis of Comrade Stalin's inspired works. A number of the works in the symposium constitute a valuable contribution to the development of Soviet linguistics. Two volumes of an explanatory dictionary of the Georgian language have also been published and are of great importance to the development of our culture.

Work in the other humanities has also improved considerably...and the work of representatives of the technical sciences is making good progress... However, the successes scored by Georgia's scientists cannot by any means satisfy our public. These scientists can and must produce far more. ... It cannot be overlooked that a widespread practice among our scientists is causing considerable harm to their scientific work. People are often divided in their attention, many scientists holding three, four and even more positions at the same time. This "diversity" of activity does not help at all to increase our scientific progress.

But this is not all. The danger of this widespread practice of holding several jobs lies in the fact that it does not permit young scientists to develop and advance. How can a young scientist find a position under such conditions if all jobs are literally behind the "seven seals" of multiple job-holding? Bold action must be taken to overcome this evil. It is time to end the lack of confidence shown in young scientists, the harmful notion that they are incapable of heading large and important scientific institutions. Pointless talk on this subject must stop and young scientists must receive real help in growing and advancing. We must see that our old scientists work with our young scientists in the right combinations. This also means that our young scientists must not look down on the older scientists but must conscientiously learn what they have to offer. ...

It is now obvious that the former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee failed to give due assistance to the republic's research institutions and did not direct their work toward solution of vital problems of the nation's economy. Some research institutes of the Academy of Sciences still lack proper technical facilities and quarters, while prompt publication of scientific works has yet to be assured.

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There are still serious shortcomings in the work of some of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences. Research work is poorly organized at the Philosophy Institute. Although the institute has published a number of works on history, philosophy and logic, its staff has not paid enough attention-and this must be considered a major error on the part of the heads of the institute-- to problems of dialectical and historical materialism.

As a rule the Philosophy Institute's works are published only in Georgia and in the Georgian language. Georgian philosophers should not shut themselves up in their work. This work should be made public. Georgian philosophers should also publish their works in Russian-- in Moscow and Leningrad. Incidentally, this remark applies not only to the philosophers but to representatives of the other sciences as well.

As is known, a 120,000,000-- ruble group of buildings for the Academy of Sciences is under construction in Tbilisi. The Georgian Construction Trust, which is doing the job, is making extremely little progress on it. Only about 1,000,000 rubles have been used each year since 194 9, and if the work goes on at this rate several decades will pass before it is completed. (Stir in the hall. Laughter.) ...

An Agricultural Institute was opened in Kutaisi this year on Comrade Stalin's initiative, and a large new building is being built for it. Five years from now this institute will be one of the largest agricultural higher schools in the country.

Approximately 38,000 students are enrolled in the republic's 20 higher educational correspondence institutions and their branches, which turn out thousands of specialists for the country every year.

However, our higher schools can and must do much better work than at present. Many students still fail to take their examinations on schedule, and the quality of instruction is still low. Textbooks and syllabuses are lacking for many subjects, particularly for the Georgian language. ...

Physical Culture and Sports: Although there have been certain achievements in some sports the situation in this sphere of cultural work cannot be considered satisfactory. We are far behind in track and field sports, gymnastics, boxing, chess and even in aquatic sports, which, as is known, can be extensively developed here. ... Many physical culture groups exist only on paper. Many of them have reduced their sports activities to chasing after membership dues and to the work involved in compiling reports.

The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee has changed the leadership of the Georgian Republic Council of Ministers' Committee on Affairs of Physical Culture and Sports and has outlined measures for radically improving physical culture and sports work. The trade unions and above all the Young Communist League organizations must pay more attention to physical culture and sports and must attract the broad masses of young people to them, must see that this becomes a truly mass movement. ...

Literature and the Arts: ... Our literature and arts have produced a number of successful works during the report period, works worthy of high public approval. However, the individual creative successes emphasize even more strongly the fact that literature and the arts are not keeping pace with the tasks posed by the Party, by Comrade Stalin. Georgia's creative organizations have been unable to reorient their work fully on the basis of the historic decrees of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party on ideological matters.

We are forced to admit that in comparison with the opportunities offered us in the sphere of literature and the arts extremely few profoundly ideological, truly artistic works which truthfully reflect the life of Soviet people and their heroic labor exploits in building communism have been produced in recent years. The main reason for this is that the former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee instilled in workers in literature and the arts a preoccupation with outward appearances and an attitude of complacency instead of broadly developing Bolshevist criticism and selfcriticism of shortcomings in work and directing the creative efforts of workers in literature and the arts toward the production of new, monumental works answering all the requirements of the present day.

Literature: The greatest lag in our literature is in prose. Unfortunately, our prose writers are not writing long novels on contemporary themes but are content to revise and republish their older works. Georgian poets, who have written a considerable number of good short poems, are neglecting the epic poem, though Georgia, the land of Rustaveli, Baratashvili, Chavchavadze and Tsereteli-- whose inspired epic poems the whole world knows-- has a glorious epic poetry tradition. ...

The literary critics are still doing a poor job of exposing ideological distortions and have done little to combat them and to combat relapses into bourgeois nationalism and decadent trends by some Georgian writers. Georgia's Union of Soviet Writers is faced with the important task of resolutely stamping out all manifestations of these vestiges of the past.

It is known that some of Georgia's writers have abandoned our Soviet reality and gone into the depths of history, forgetting the present and idealizing Georgia's past. This cannot be considered anything but a manifestation of nationalist tendencies among them. The writer Konstantin Gamsakhurdia is especially guilty of this. In idealizing Georgia's past he often fails to see the difference between the progressive and the reactionary elements in that past. This is also why he clutters the Georgian literary language with archaisms and numerous specially coined words. ...

Earlier K. Gamsakhurdia's viewpoint "was characterized," said Comrade L. P. Berta at the Tenth Congress of the Georgian Communist Party, "as militant nationalism with a clear fascist overtone.' Gamsakhurdia was severely but justly criticized for this, but he has not drawn the necessary conclusions for this criticism to this day. The writer Gamsakhurdia's idealization of Georgia's past is an expression of bourgeois nationalism. ...

This April the Department of History of Foreign Literature at Tbilisi State University organized a public discussion of the reader in foreign literature compiled by the writers Konstantin Gamsakhurdia and Geronty Kikodze. One of the instructors at the university delivered a report and made many correct critical observations with reference to the compilers of this reader. One would have expected them to accept this just criticism, but that is not what Gamsakhurdia did. Here is what he said to the speaker:

"You are criticizing me, but who are you? How many books have you to your name? One has to write books in order to earn the right to criticize." (Stir in the hall.) ...

Does this mean that our intelligentsia, our workers and peasants who are selflessly working and creating material benefits, who are experiencing unlimited cultural growth but who have not written a single book-- does this mean that they cannot express their opinions on various works? ...

A serious political mistake was committed in publishing a revised edition in the Georgian and Russian languages of Shalva Dadiant faulty novel "Yury Bogolyubsky," which gave a distorted picture of the age-old friendship of the Russian and Georgian peoples, a friendship made fast by the blood spilled in common battle against foreign invaders. ...

The policy of deference and flattery and the resultant praising of faulty works which was pursued by the former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee and by Charkviani first of all was one of the main reasons for the serious ideological distortions which occurred in Georgian Soviet literature. ...

Theater Arts: The poor work of the dramatists has had a considerable influence on the development of Soviet Georgian theater arts. The limited number of good plays on themes of the present day prevents the drama theaters from fully developing their creative powers. Our theaters have produced 62 plays by Georgian dramatists during the report period, which is of course a considerable number. Unfortunately, however, the overwhelming majority of the plays produced were so weak that they did not last even a single theater season. ... Despite the hullabaloo raised by the theater critics over these plays, audiences still received them coolly. ...

Cinematography: It can be stated that feature film production is a very backward sector of our art. Although Georgian cinematography has produced a number of outstanding works in the past, it now lags behind. The Tbilisi Film Studios have begun to produce [only] one film a year of late, and the

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quality of this output is best determined by the fact that not one of the films ever reached the nationwide screen. ...

Motion picture services to rural areas also suffer from serious shortcomings. Due to the absence of permanent service routes and definite program schedules, many of our villages have not seen motion pictures for years on end. Our film workers say a great deal about film services and about "covering" the public, but here 93 villages in Akhmeta and 139 in Dusheti District have not seen a single film in five years. (Stir in the hall.) And these are districts which are literally right under the noses of our film service officials! ...

Music: The situation in music is better, but this does not mean that shortcomings can be overlooked. Here too they are quite serious. Our composers have not yet managed to create significant opera works on contemporary themes. The Z. Paliashvili Opera and Ballet Theater has produced only one new opera in the past four years: the composer A. Bukia "Uninvited Guests," which is for young children at that. ...

A number of examples could be cited to show that some of our composers make a pretext of adapting Georgian folk songs but introduce false elements into them and thereby distort the very folk nature of them. It must be pointed out in this connection that our song and dance ensembles have departed considerably from genuine Georgian folk art and have forgotten many of the fine old songs and dances. ...

The State Folk Dance Ensemble, under the direction of Stalin Prize Winner I. Sukhishvili and N. Ramishvili, is justly popular. It is perhaps the only ensemble which has managed to retain the folk quality of dances more than most, and by so doing to create an interesting and striking repertoire. The Georgian State Quartet, under the direction of B. Chiaureli, the members of which received a Stalin Prize and an international prize, has been very successful in recent years. ...

Progress in Georgian Soviet opera depends to a considerable degree on the development of vocal art. The Tbilisi Conservatory must improve its work and make a real effort in training young singers and musicians.

Sculpture and Pictorial Arts: Despite notable successes scored by some Georgian artists, there has been a considerable lag in the development of sculpture and the pictorial arts in Georgia in recent years. ...

VI. Problems of Party Work. -- Growth and Composition of the Party Organization: As of Sept. 1, 1952, Georgia's Party organization had 160,045 members and 13,253 candidates. During the report period 19,251 persons were admitted to Party membership and 15,511 were accepted as candidates. Of the total number of candidates accepted 10,043 or 64.7% were members of the Young Communist League and 4086, or 26.3%, were women. Where 17.2% of all Communists had a higher or incomplete higher education as of Jan. 1, 1949, 20.3% have at the present time, while 47.7% of the Communists have a secondary or incomplete secondary education.

As of Sept. 1, 1952, there were 9458 primary Party organizations [units] in the republic, compared with 9535 in 1949. The decrease in the number of primary Party organizations occurred through the amalgamation of the collective farms.

Many city and district committees failed to establish real control over the growth of Party membership, which resulted in a poorer proportioning of persons accepted. Thus, of the 15,511 candidates accepted, only 2267 or 14.6% were workers, 4102 or 26.5% were collective farmers and 9142 or 58.9% were employees.

It should be pointed out in analyzing the results of admissions to the Party during the report period that a considerable number of city and district committees made serious mistakes in supervising this work and violated the Bolshevist principle of considering admissions to Party membership on a strictly individual basis. Despite repeated warnings by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party against the erroneous and harmful practice of aiming for quantity at the expense of quality in building up the Party, wholesale membership admission was indulged in and not enough attention was given to the Marxist-Leninist training of Communists. In some instances dishonest persons, people unworthy of political trust, penetrated the Party.

In November, 1950, for example, the primary Party unit of the Tsiteli Oktomberi Collective Farm at the village of Kvakhchiri in Kutaisi District accepted as a candidate for Party membership G. Apridonidze, a person previously convicted of theft. In January, 1951, the Adigeni District committee accepted I. Balakhishvili, who was expelled from the Party a few months later for performing a religious ceremony. In December, 1950, the Batumi City Party Committee admitted a man named Tskvitiria, who had previously been sentenced to prison for fraud. Many more such instances could be cited.

Sometimes the Statutes of the All-Union Communist Party were violated in admissions to the Party. The Zugdidi District committee, for example, admitted A. Gvakharia to full membership three months before his period of candidacy expired.

Many city and district Party committees and primary Party organizations are not paying due attention to the Bolshevist training of candidates, do not do enough to have them participate in Party and public life and do not check on how they carry out Party assignments. This is why many candidates have exceeded their periods of candidacy in a number of Party organizations. ...

Party Propaganda and Political Agitation: Our Communist Party has always ascribed and does ascribe exceptional importance to Party propaganda, to Party education. A checkup has revealed that Party education is obviously unsatisfactorily presented in the Georgian Communist Party. The Central Committee lacked even precise figures on the number of study circles and schools in the Party education network and on the number of Communists engaged in independent ideologicaltheoretical studies. Generally speaking, there was much confusion on this matter. Many of the study circles and schools in the Party education network existed only on paper, and attendance at them was extremely low because many propagandists had been carelessly selected and did an uninteresting and boring job of conducting propaganda work.

The Georgian Communist Party has had to renew and build up the propaganda and agitation department and to carry out a number of measures aimed at bolstering Party education and ideological work in general. Despite the measures carried out, there are still indications of great shortcomings. More than 330 out of 6581 political schools and circles, evening Party schools and seminars for the aktiv failed to complete the study program during the past study year, and 13,287 Communists failed to master the materials covered. In addition, 8115 Communists failed to complete their individual plans for independent political studies.

The Georgian Communist Party is now taking steps to have everything in the Party education network ready for the beginning of the study year and to have the studies begin on time. ...

The Press: The press plays a tremendous role in the communist education of Soviet citizens, in mobilizing them for the ambitious tasks of building communism. Nine republic, nine province and 76 city and district newspapers [periodicity not indicated] are published in our province.

The faulty work, preoccupation with outward appearances and the complacency which reigned among the former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee also left their imprint on the work of the press. Instead of encouraging thorough development of Bolshevist criticism and selfcriticism, exposing shortcomings in economic and cultural work and printing truthful reports, the newspapers Komunisti and Zarya Vostoka-- and, following their example, the province, city and district newspapers-- embellished the true state of affairs and played up individual gains out of all proportion, thereby fostering preoccupation with outward appearances, a bystander's complacency and an uncritical attitude to work.

With few exceptions, criticism in the newspapers was diffident and ineffective, and the former heads of the Central Committee not only failed to encourage what good criticism there was but suppressed it. The papers failed to expose flagrant violations of inner Party democracy ... and overlooked unprecedented violations of Soviet laws...

Results of Reports and Elections to Party Bodies: ... Noting the gains scored in recent months, the Communists have approved the measures carried out by the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee to correct the mistakes made by the

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former Central Committee heads. ... About 36% of the Communists took part in discussion of the reports at Party meetings. The work of the bureaus and secretaries of 437 out of 9242 primary Party organizations in which report-andelection meetings were held was declared unsatisfactory, and new officials were elected in 2070 Party organizations.

Party work was extremely poor in many of our Party organizations, largely because some primary organization secretaries and even heads of district and city committees were unfamiliar with the Party Statutes and the Instructions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party "On Holding Elections to Party Governing Bodies." Candidates for Party membership voted at the report-and-election meeting of the Party organization at the Signakhi District office of the Animal Products Procurement Trust, and one candidate was even elected chairman of the inspection committee.

Broad and bold self-criticism and criticism have helped to foster profound analysis and correct evaluation of the work in the Party bodies. The conferences considered unsatisfactory the work of the Adigeni, Gurdzhaani, Kaspi, Kvareli, QuemoSvanetian, Klukhori, Leingori, Sagaredzho, Khashuri and Khulo District committees, the Batumi and Chiatura city committees and the Adzhartan Province committee. Many new persons were elected as secretaries and members of the city and district Party committees and Party bureaus. ...

On Supervision of the Young Communist League: The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee adopted a number of resolutions on intensifying Party supervision of Young Communist League organizations. The Y.C.L. organizations are beginning to do better work but they have not yet overcome the major shortcomings in the communist upbringing of young people and in efforts to strengthen labor discipline among young workers and collective farmers. ...

The 19th Congress of the Georgian Y.C.L., held in May, 1952, revealed shortcomings of the former officials, acknowledged the work of the Georgian Y.C.L. Central Committee unsatisfactory and outlined practical steps for ensuring full correction of these mistakes and for further advancing all Y.C.L. work.

Party Organizations and Military Units: ... Occupied with peaceful creative work, the Soviet people will always bear in mind the capitalist world and will show constant concern for increasing the defensive might of the Soviet homeland, for continuously increasing the fighting capacity of our army, air force and navy.

The troops of the Transcaucasus Military District are diligently and persistently studying to perfect their military and political training.

The frontiers of our republic are vigilantly protected by Soviet border guards. The Georgian Communist Party Central Committee gives constant attention to matters concerning the troops, border guards, fliers and sailors, and renders them the assistance they need. The province, city and district Party organizations must maintain closest contact with the military units and surround them with more and more attention, concern and love. Cultural services for the military units must be improved, concerts and lectures must be held more often for them and books, newspapers and magazines must be provided for them. ... At the same time it is necessary to improve the work of the Public Society for Cooperation With the Armed Forces. It is the duty of the Party organizations to bolster the leadership of local units of this society and to render them assistance.

On the Work of the Trade Union Organizations: The trade unions play a very important role in solving economic-political problems and in the communist education of the working people. The former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee and many city and district Party committees failed to pay attention to the trade unions. They were virtually allowed to drift, and poorly qualified, incompetent people who had failed in other work were advanced to administrative posts in them. Many officials spent dozens of years in the trade union agencies, tolerated shortcomings and failed to keep pace with life. This led to major defects in the work of Georgia's trade unions and of the Trade Union Council, their governing body, as well as in the work of the republic trade union committees.

The trade union governing bodies are divorced from the masses, do not work with the trade union aktiv and do not rely upon it. Their work is unplanned, lacks the necessary discipline and intensity and has not produced the necessary development of self-criticism and criticism from below. Checkups on execution of resolutions adopted by the trade union agencies are poorly organized.

A number of the administrative officials of Georgia's trade unions do not make field trips, visit enterprises, talk with the workers and show an interest in their cultural and everyday life or give the necessary assistance to the trade union locals, for years on end.

Georgia's trade unions pay little attention to developing socialist competition. At a number of enterprises and construction projects competition is one-sided, aimed mainly at quantity records. Such important problems as improvement in the quality of production, reduction in unit costs and savings on raw materials and supplies are evaded. There are elements of formalism and of indifference to the interests of the state and to human problems in such competition.

It would be a mistake to assume that the serious tasks confronting Georgia's trade union organizations can be solved without constant Party guidance. Party guidance of the trade union organizations is the most important means of improving all trade union activity. ...

On Guard Over Soviet Law Observance: We have done important work to strengthen agencies of the courts and public. prosecutor's office. Violators of Soviet laws and protectors of these lawbreakers have been driven from them. The situation is now changed. The courts and public prosecutor's office are beginning to do better work. However, their work continues to suffer from a great many shortcomings. We must resolutely and stubbornly combat even the least of them. The work of the agencies of the courts and public prosecutor's office must be so organized that Soviet laws are unqualifiedly observed and lawbreakers are punished to the full extent of the law.

Comrade Mamaladze, the new Minister of Justice, Comrade Lomidze, the republic's new Public Prosecutor, and Comrade Purtskhvanidze, the new chairman of the Supreme Court, must work hard in order completely to eliminate the shortcomings in these bodies and to introduce genuine Soviet order in them. ... The republic's Ministry of Justice and Public Prosecutor's Office must pay special attention to improving the qualifications of personnel in the courts and public prosecutor's office.

VII.-- Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin. Toward the Shining Heights of Communism.-Comrades! The Communist Party of Georgia has for a number of years been led by that outstanding figure in the Communist Party and Soviet state, the militant comrade-in-arms of the great Stalin, our Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria. (Applause.)

Comrade Beria has taught Georgia's Communists to carry out undeviatingly all assignments from Comrade Stalin and to crush politically all those specifically responsible for any distortions of Leninism, for deviation from it and from Stalinist traditions.

The fall from grace of the former heads of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee, and of Charkviani first of all, began precisely where they, the former heads, and Charkviani first of all, deviated from Stalinist traditions and the Stalinist style of leadership and consigned these to oblivion. This to what made inexorable that serious political failure which was discovered in the work of the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party.

The Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party is now striving resolutely to reinstate militant Stalinist traditions, to introduce the Stalinist style of work in the Party, state, economic, trade union and Young Communist League organizations, traditions duly instilled in Georgia's Communists by Lavrenty Pavlovich Berta. ...

Unfortunately we have not yet rid ourselves of all those officials who seek to reach agreement behind the back of the Central Committee on promotion and appointment of persons, to whom they hint at the possibility of such appointment. A merciless struggle will continue to be waged against these relapses into the practices of the former heads of the Central Committee, and they will be nipped in the bud. ...

The former heads caused serious harm to Georgia and to the Georgian people by consigning organizational and Party-political

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work to oblivion. Our economic and cultural gains would have been considerably greater if we had had correct political leadership.

The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party, the U.S.S.R. government and Comrade Stalin rendered Georgia tremendous assistance in the formation of Tbilisi and Kutaisi Provinces, * which made it possible to provide even closer guidance to the local areas and to make it more concrete. Our problem now is to eliminate the lag in economic and cultural work and to advance this work with all our might.

Our party grew considerably during and after the war. The new members are in need of ideological tempering. This is why our task at the present stage is not to push an increase in Party ranks but to stress the political training, the Marxist education of Communists, bearing in mind that in the final analysis quality is more important than quantity.

Unfortunately, we still encounter "Communists" who joined the Party to get good positions, so-called "career Communists." Such people must be exposed and thrown out of the Party, because career seeking constitutes a danger to the Party. ...

Incompetents have also cropped up in Georgia in recent years, people guilty of frequent mistakes and serious negligence in their work--mistakes and negligence bordering on the criminal--but who later acknowledge them and give assurances that they will correct them. Actually, however, these people not only fail to correct their mistakes but a little later repent of new errors and again promise to correct them! ... The good of the cause requires that such constant "stumblers" not be allowed to remain in administrative positions. ...

We must always remember Comrade Stalin's admonition that the strength of our party lies in its indestructible bond with the masses. It is our vital cause to strengthen the bond with the masses in every way, to respond promptly to the needs and requirements of the working people and to explain to them the essence of Communist Party policy and resolutions.

Consistently observing inner party democracy and developing bold and open criticism of shortcomings, Georgia's Party organizations will improve party organizational and political work still more and will attain new successes in the struggle for communism.

It is necessary constantly to increase the revolutionary vigilance of Communists and of all Soviet citizens and to make this a militant vigilance. To be vigilant means to be able to tell friend from foe even under the most involved circumstances. Officials must by all means be trusted; but they must also by an means be checked. Trust and checkup: this is how our Bolshevist work must be organized. ...

Armed with the resolutions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and with the instructions of Comrade Stalin, the Communist Party of Georgia is resolutely reorienting all of its work and beginning to operate in a new manner. It is working toward more and more new successes, in the Stalinist way, recognizing no barriers or obstacles to fulfillment of the decisions and will of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and of the will of the great Stalin. ...

Long live that very great man of modern times, the wise leader and teacher of the Communists and working people of the whole world, the genius of the epoch of the building of communism, our own beloved Stalin! (Stormy, prolonged applause, turning into an ovation. All rise.)

THE DISCUSSION AT THE CONGRESS

15TH CONGRESS OF GEORGIAN COMMUNIST PARTY. (By Special Correspondents N. Kharlamov and G. Khutsishvili. Pravda, Sept. 20, p. 2. Complete text:) Tbilisi-- The 15th Congress of the Georgian Communist Party was held in Tbilisi Sept. 15 to 18. The republic's Party organization met for its Congress rallied closely around the Central!-- Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and around the great leader and teacher Comrade Stalin.

The Congress took place amid unprecedented political and production effort on the part of the working people of Soviet Georgia in honor of the preparations for the 19th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party.

The pre-Congress report-and-election meetings in the primary Party organizations and the district, city and province Party conferences were keynoted by extensive criticism and selfcriticism, by a struggle for a decisive improvement in Party work. The growing demands made by Communists on the work habits and methods of the Party committees and their guidance of economic and cultural work were especially evident in the fact that the work of the Adyge, Gurdzhaani, Kaspi, Klukhori, Khulo and a number of other district committees, of the Batumi and Chiatura city committees and of the Adzharian Province committee was pronounced unsatisfactory at the Party conferences. Many new people were advanced to leadership of the Party organizations.

The report of the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party was delivered by Comrade A. Mgeladze, Secretary of the Central Committee. The speaker and the delegates who took part in the discussions cited examples demonstrating that the working people of Soviet Georgia are successfully developing the republic's economy and culture in the fraternal family of peoples of the Soviet Union and are making a major contribution to the cause of building communism.

The Soviet system, consistent implementation of the LeninistStalinist national policy and the fraternal aid of the Russian people have made it possible to transform Georgia into one of the flourishing republics of the Soviet Union. Under Soviet rule Georgia has become a republic with well-developed industry and diversified agriculture.

Units of the Stalin Transcaucasus Iron and Steel Mills have been erected in the ancient Georgian town of Rustavi, which was restored by Soviet citizens. The mills produce steel, rolled metal, seamless pipe, well casings and compressor pipe. An automobile plant has gone into operation in Kutaisi, trucks from which are working at the construction projects of communism. Georgia produced 50%, more coal in 1951 than in 1948, while manganese ore output increased 77% and the output of metal-cutting machine tools increased 111%. Production is continuing to increase during 1952.

The republic's agriculture has changed beyond recognition and the amount of modern mechanical equipment employed continually increases. The collective farm peasantry is fighting energetically to increase further the yield of citrus fruits, tea, grapes, tobacco and other valuable technical crops. Georgia's collective farms are now successfully tackling the problem of making the republic self-sufficient in grain. Far more grain was delivered to the state this year than in prewar 1940.

The constant development of the republic's economy is accompanied by improvement in the material welfare of the working people in the cities and villages. The volume of retail trade in the Georgian Republic was 633,000,000 rubles higher in 1951 than in 1949. More cultural gains are registered with each passing year, and state allocations for public education continue to grow. The republic has 4275 schools with an enrollment of approximately 700,000. The Georgian Republic Academy of Sciences, which coordinates the work of dozens of research institutes, was established in Soviet times and has become a center of research. The republic has 20 higher educational institutions which graduate thousands of specialists each year.

Thanks to the Leninist-Stalinist national policy and the Leninist-Stalinist friendship of the peoples of the Soviet Union, thanks to the aid of the great Russian people, Comrade Mgeladze stated, the Georgian people have achieved sovereignty and their own statehood, socialist statehood. They have achieved an unprecedented economic advance and the flowering of a culture which is national in form and socialist in content.

In the course of the sharp and businesslike criticism and self-criticism which developed at the Congress the delegates pointed out that it is not the habit of Soviet citizens to preen themselves on their successes or to be satisfied with what they have achieved. The participants in the Congress rightly pointed out that the republic's gains would have been incomparably greater if it had not been for the serious errors committed by the former leadership of the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party in Party, economic and cultural work. Gross flouting of the principles of inner Party democracy, the ignoring

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*          Current Digest of the Soviet Press, Vol. IV, No. 10, p. 25.

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of Bolshevist criticism and self-criticism and forgetfulness of the Leninist-Stalinist principles of selecting, placing and training cadres led to a situation in some of the republic's Party organizations in which there was an uncritical attitude toward defects in work, in which outward appearances were stressed and in which unconcerned serenity prevailed.

Participants in the Congress rightly criticized the work of a number of republic ministries and of economic and Party bodies. It was pointed out, for example, that Comrades Gomelauri and Kashakashvili, Directors of the Transcaucasus Iron and Steel Mills, have not yet brought about smooth operation by all shops there and that they show little concern for strict maintenance of technological rules or for improvement in the quality of production, extensive introduction of advanced work methods and determined improvement in labor discipline. The heads of the Georgian Coal Combine were rightly criticized by the Congress, which demanded that they bring about a marked improvement in the management of trusts and mines.

The unsatisfactory work of a number of republic ministries was pointed out at the Congress. The Ministry of the Building Materials Industry ( Minister, Comrade Paatashvili) and the Ministry of Local Industry ( Minister, Comrade Gordeziani) do not show enough concern for increasing the assortment or improving the quality of manufactured goods, with the result that large amounts of unsalable merchandise remain in the warehouses.

Speaking at the Congress, Delegate Comrade Tatishvili brought up the need of improving Party guidance of industry and for overcoming the lag of a number of plants and factories. He remarked that the branch departments of the Tbilisi Province Party Committee and of the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party do not study the work of lagging enterprises carefully and do not teach the lower-echelon Party organizations concrete and effective direction of enterprises.

A bureaucratic approach and conservatism in disseminating the experience of production innovators in the republic's light industry were severely criticized. Comrade Glonti, a woman worker at the Makharadze Silk Mills, reported that, despite a decision by Party bodies, officials in the Ministry of Light Industry delayed for a long time discussion by the collegium of the ministry of a new work method which considerably increased productivity and improved the quality of output by silk mills. The question was taken up in the collegium only upon orders from above.

The Congress pointed to a number of shortcomings in the work of various branches of the republic's industry and stressed the need for determined efforts to eliminate these shortcomings.

Participants in the Congress devoted much attention to problems of further developing Georgia's agriculture. It was pointed out at the Congress that despite extensive aid from the state and despite the existence of all the requisites for a marked increase in harvests of grain crops, especially wheat, the yield goals are not being met. This is largely because of the unsatisfactory work of the Ministry of Agriculture, which does not fully appreciate the importance of carrying out agrotechnical measures. The delegates pointed out that further development of tea production is a matter of honor for Georgia's Communists and that it would make it possible for the entire country to be self-sufficient in tea. The delegates stressed in their speeches that citrus crops, tobacco, grapes and volatile oil crops must be developed as rapidly as possible.

The Congress charged the Party organizations with completely eliminating violations of the Collective Farm Statutes, taking steps toward decisive improvement in the organization and payment of labor on the collective farms and seeing that all collective farmers take an active part in advancing farm production.

Problems of improving Party organizational and political work within the republic's Party organizations took up considerable space in the work of the 15th Congress of the Georgian Communist Party. Participants in the Congress called attention to the fact that a number of city and district committees had committed serious errors and had violated the Bolshevist principle of considering applications for admission to the Party on an individual basis. Here and there the desire to have a good numerical showing in admissions to the Party ran against considerations of quality, not enough attention was paid to the Marxist- Leninist training of Communists, and dishonest and deceitful persons, career seekers and unscrupulous figures sometimes became Party members.

Some Party organizations failed to show due concern for the Bolshevist training of candidates for Party membership, did little to draw them into Party life and public life and did not check to see how they had carried out Party assignments.

The faulty practices of the former heads of the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party in selecting and placing cadres were severely criticized at the Congress. Comrade Getia, Secretary of the Abkhazian Province Party Committee, cited cases which showed that a number of officials who had failed in their work and had been accordingly dismissed at the request of the local Party organizations were shielded by their friends and "patrons" in the capital of the republic and were even appointed to higher posts.

The 15th Congress devoted much attention to problems of considerably improving ideological work in the republic, improving the work of the propaganda apparatus, the press and publishing houses and all creative organizations: the Writers' Union, Artists' Union and Composers' Union.

It was noted at the conference that Party education is unsatisfactory in a number of the republic's Party organizations but that the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee's Propaganda and Agitation Department has not had even precise figures on the Party education network. The Central Committee has strengthened the department recently, but there is still much to be done in order really to set Party education in motion.

The newspaper Zarya Vostoka [organ of the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party] was rightly criticized at the Congress for failing to carry criticism and self-criticism.

Serious claims and complaints were registered at the Congress against a number of Georgian writers and literary critics who have long stressed outward appearances, have cultivated an attitude of complacency and have been intoxicated by isolated successes. It was also pointed out that literary critics had done a poor job of exposing ideological distortions and had done little to combat relapses into bourgeois nationalism and decadence on the part of some of the republic's writers.

The work of the writer G. Gamsakhurdia, who is entirely preoccupied with the past and idealizes days of old, was extensively criticized at the Congress.

"The writer Gamsakhurdia's idealization of Georgia's past," said Comrade Mgeladze, "is a manifestation of bourgeois nationalism, a manifestation the essence of which is the desire to become detached and to seek refuge in nationalism, in the desire to ignore that which draws together and unites the working people of all nationalities of the Soviet Union."

M. Dadiani novel "Yury Bogolyubsky" was rightly criticized for giving a distorted picture of the age-old friendship of the Russian and Georgian peoples, a friendship cemented by the blood which was shed in a common struggle against foreign aggressors.

Delegate Comrade Kochlavashvili stated that there were similar errors in the writings of Kutateli, Vakeli, Shatberashvili and Shengelia.

The delegates pointed out that the flattery and praise of faulty works meted out by Comrade Charkviani, former Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee, were one reason that serious ideological distortions cropped up in works by some of Georgia's writers.

Comrade Imnadze, Secretary of the South Ossetian Province Party Committee, told the Congress about several relapses into bourgeois nationalism in South Ossetian Province.

"Nationalist- minded elements which worked up to direction of the South Ossetian branch of the Georgian Union of Soviet Writers and of the monthly literary and political magazine Fidiuag, its literary organ," he said, "made every effort to fan national hatred and abetted every attempt to drag apolitical, antiartistic and ideologically faulty works into literature."

Delegates to the Congress were surprised at the speech by 'Comrade Leonidze, Chairman of the Presidium of the Georgian Union of Soviet Writers, who did not even attempt to analyze the reasons for a number of ideological distortions in works by some of Georgia's writers or to answer the just

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criticisms leveled by the Congress at the heads of the republic Writers' Union.

The Georgian Republic Council of Ministers' Administration on Affairs of the Arts was criticized at the Congress for easing up on its demands upon dramatists and for approving the production at Georgian theaters of such ideologically and artistically weak plays as V. Karshanidze "Evergreen Hills," K. Kaladze 'Pleasant Rural Evenings," O. Andronikashvili and T. Sergiyenkols "His Fault," and others.

Delegates severely criticized the Georgian Republic Ministry of Cinematography. The work of the Georgian Film Studios has deteriorated and poor films have been produced in recent years. There are serious shortcomings in motion picture service to the public, particularly in rural areas. The Congress charged the new heads of the Ministry of Cinematography with seeing that new feature films meet present-day requirements, expanding the network of film facilities in the republic and seeing that motion pictures reach the inhabitants of all cities and villages.

Comrade Egadze, one of the delegates to the Congress, criticized the work of the Georgian Communist Party Central Committee's Department of Literature and the Arts, pointi